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SLOVENO - kompromis slovane lingviov.

March 27 2006 at 1:55 PM
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S L O V E N O


KONSTRUKTE MODERNE SLOVANE LINGVA



BAZE GRAMATIKA - Basic Grammar


ABCD - ABC

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z ( 22 basic letters / sounds )

' - auxiliary sign for creating other sounds

SLOVANO ENGLISH
c' - ch ( cheese )
s' - sh ( ash )
z' - zh ( pleasure, garage )
h' - kh (Kazakhstan, Mikhail)
dz' - j / g ( Jersey, gesture )


Letters q, w, y, x, ch are used only in personal names and geographical names(Lydia,Sydney,Cyprus, John, Felix,
Willson, New York,, Wienna, Quito, Mexiko,Chemnitz, etc) which remain unchanged.
But Vele Britania (Great Britain, Anglia (England)
In foreign words commonly used and generally acquired ABC of the language is used, e.g.
(olimpiada, diza, fizika, dinamika, simbol, bicikel)

The spelling is a cinch: every sound matches one letter, and every letter matches one sound.
If you hear a word, you can spell it; if you see it, you can say it.

SUBSTANTIVI - Nouns

Singular : naturally created nouns
sport, dinamika, olimpiada, diza, otec (father), mama, devica (girl), junak (boy), deta (child), zem (earth, soil),
planeta, kosmos, galaksia, veda (science), radio, komputer, ekipaz' (crew), vokabular (vocabulary), denar(i)(money(ies))
Plural : is creating by suffix : - i
lumen - lumeni, otec - oteci, brat - brati, komputer - komputeri, sport - sporti, aeroplan - aeroplani, aviator - aviatori
ekipaz' - ekipaz'i, mesec - meseci, den - deni, tiden - tideni, noc - noci, rok - roki, den - deni, put - puti
Noun ended in wovel is created by omiting of the last wovel at the end of the word as follows :
nome - nomi, mama - mami, Zuza - Zuzi, auto - auti, televizia - televizii, radio - radii, krilo - krili, herba - herbi
kamera - kameri, posta - posti, funga - fungi, dimenzia - dimenzii, raketa - raketi, planeta - planeti, litera - literi
Nouns, where we want to specify gender, are introduced by - ten / ta
All the other nouns (or without determination of gender) are determined by - to (or without)
ten muz', ten kon, ten vol, ten osol, ten orol, ten kohut, ten kac'er, ten slon, ten zajac, ten direktor, ten s'ofer, ten europan
ta z'ena, ta krava, ta sliepica, ta orol, ta kac'ica, ta hus, ta koza, ta morka, ta slon, ta direktor, ta s'ofer, ta europan
to pero, to stol, to stolica, to strom, to ih'tia, to olej, to hrniec, to dom, to ulica, to autobus, to list, to zem, to mas'ina
to ih'tiomamal (whale), to zover (zver), to planta, to bakteria, to herba, to mamal, to buk, to dub, to lipa, to javor
ADJEKTIVI - Adjectives
Finala - ending : - e
pekne - pretty, dobre - good, rih'le - quick, interesante - interesting, slabe - weak, mocne - powerful, terme - teplý,á,é
astere noc - starry night, terme diferencial - warm difference, polare - polar, kombustie - combustible
Globe gravitacia - Earth gravitation, lune svit - moon shine, dene tiket - daily ticket, komputere igra-computer game,
televizie program-television programme, Severe Polare Cirk - North Polar Circus, nove - new, Nova - new created star
Nouns ending in - e remain unchanged (z'itie funkcii - vital functions, more breg - sea coast)
ADVERBI - Adverbs
Finala - ending : - o
dobro - well, pekno - nice, pomalo - slowly, stalo - still, rih'lo - qwickly, nahlo - suddenly, malo - little, few,
termo - warmly, mezo - medzi,
Nouns ending in - o remain unchanged (radio transmite - radio transmitted, racio narobene - rationally done)

Gradacia ov adjektivi a adverbi - Graduation of adjectives and adverbs :
vic - more, -er
navic - most, -est
vic / navic - vic pomalo(slower) / navic pomalo(slowest), vic pekno(nicer) / navic pekno(nicest),
vic dobre(better) / navic dobre(best)
Tie es vic rih'le kao ten - They are quicker then he.
Ta il navic pomale zo vse - She was the slowest of all.

PREPOZICII - Prepositions
pri-at, na-on, vo-in, od-from, do-to, cez-over, pod-under, nad-above, so-with, zo-from inside,
po-after, pred-before / in front of, za-behind, mezo - between, among, middle, o-about/at,

KONJUNKCII - Conjuctions
a (and), tez'(also, too, as well)

KREATENIE OV VERBI - Creation of words
veda (science) - vedet (to know) - vedenie (knowledge)

VERBI - Verbs
Infinitive of verb - ending : - t (it, at, et, ut)
sportit - to sport, grat - to play, idit - to go, gvarit - to speak, spat - to sleep, vedet - to know, kalkulit - to count
sekurit - to secure, publikit - to publish, kombustit - to combust, skopit - to scope, observit - to watch, medikit - to heal
Creating the verbs from nouns is unlimited (sarkazmus - sarkazit, litera - literit, fonia - fonit, skopenie - skopit, skribenie - skribit
observenie - observit, maenie - mat, laborit - laborenie, skienie - skit, komputenie - komputit, agrenie - agrit, medikenie - mediki

FINALENIE OV VERBI (FINALI VERBIOV) - endings of verbs :
- preterite c'as - past tense : - il
- prezente c'as - present tense : - es
- future c'as - future tense : - ed

These endings can be used before infinitive of a verb or in form of suffix behind a verb.
In multisylable verbs are used the forms -es,-ii,-ede behind which a verb is in infinitive,
e.g. (navigat) - Ja ede navigat te. - I will navigate you.
- Mi es gvarit - We speak / talk / say
- Mi il gvarit - We spoke / talked / said
- Mi ede gvarit - We will speak / talk / say

Creating of verbs from nouns is unlimited e.g. sarkazmus - sarkazit (sarcasm-to sarcas), litera - literit(letter-to letter),
fonia - fonit(phono-to phono) etc.

Konjugacia ov verbo - Conjugation of verb - est - to be

Prezente c'as - Present Tense :
ja es - I am mi es - we are
ti es - you are vi es - you are
ten es - he is tie es - they are
ta es - she is
to es - is is

Preterite c'as - Past Tense :
ja il - I was mi il - we were
ti il - you were vi il - you were
ten il - he was tie il - they are
ta il - she was
to il - it was

Future c'as - Future Tense :
ja ed - I shall / will mi ed - we shall / will
ti ed - you will vi ed - you will
ten ed - he will tie ed - they will
ta ed - she will
to ed - it will

KONDICIONALE FORMA - Conditional : - bi
ja bi muset - I would have to
ja bi trebit - I would need to (duty)
ja bi smet - I would be allowed to
ja bi moz'et - I would be able to
KONDICIONALE FORMA PRETERITA - Past Conditional : - ilbi
ja ilbi muset - I would have had to
ja ilbi trebit - I would have needed to (duty)
ja ilbi smet - I would have been allowed to
ja ilbi moz'et - I would have been able to

mat - to have(posses), trebit - to be to (duty), h'cet - to want
moz'et - can, smit - may, muset - must, robit - to do / to work

ja es mat / ja maes - I have
ja il mat / ja mail - I had
ja id mat / ja maed - I will have
ja bi mat / ja mabi - I would have
ja ilbi mat / ja mailbi - I would have had

ja es trebit / ja trebes - I am to / need to
ja il trebit / ja trebil - I was to / needed to
ja ed trebit / ja trebed - I will need to
ja bi trebit / ja trebbi - I would need to
ja ilbi trebit / ja trebilbi - I would have needed to

ja es h'cet / ja h'ces - I wand
ja il h'cet / ja h'ceil - I wanted
ja id h'cet / ja h'cid - I will want
ja bi h'cet / ja h'cebi - I would want
ja ilbi h'cet / ja h'ceilbi - I would have wanted

ja es moz'et / ja moz'es - I can
ja il moz'et / ja moz'il - I could
ja ed moz'et / ja moz'ed - I will be able
ja bi moz'et / ja moz'bi - I would be able
ja ilbi moz'et / ja moz'ilbi - I would have been able

ja es smit / ja smes - I may
ja il smit / ja smil - I might
ja ed smit / ja smed - I will be allowed to
ja ilbi smit / ja smetilbi - I would be allowed to
ja ilbi smit / ja smeilbi - I would have been allowed to

ja es muset / ja muses - I must
ja il muset / ja musil - I had to
ja ed muset / ja mused - I will have to
ja bi muset / ja musbi - I would have to
ja ilbi muset / ja musilbi - I would have had to

ja robes / ja es robit - I do / work
ja robil / ja il robit - I did / worked
ja robed / ja ed robit - I will do / work
ja bi robit / ja robbi - I would do / work
ja ilbi robit / ja robilbi - I would have done / worked

KVESTIA - question
Robes ti ? / Robit es ti ? - Do you work / Are you working ?
Robil ti ? / Robit il ti ? - Did you work / Were you working ?
Robed ti ? / Robit ed ti ? - Will you work / Will you be working ?


NEGACIA - negation ( ne )
ja ne robes / ja es ne robit - I do not do/work
ja ne robil / ja il ne robit - I did not do/work
ja ne robed / ja ed ne robit - I will not do/work


PASIVE ROD OV VERBO - Pasive Voice of Verb :
Suffix of adjectives - e is added to infinitive of a verb
Kniha es skribite so moi priatel - A book is written by my friend
Kniha il skribite so moi priatel - A book was written by my friend
Kniha ed skribite so moi priatel - A book will be written by my friend


PERFEKTE FORMA OV VERBA - Perfect active voice of verb :
na + infinitive (naskribit, narobit, naedukit, naplanit, navarit, naplantit)
na + infinitive + il ( e.g. Ja naskribitil to - I have written it )
na + infinitive + ed (e.g. Ja narobited to do zajtra - I will have done it by tomorrow)

Tie ilbi narobit to, ak ilbi tam - They would have done it if they had been there

Tie ed naskribit to / Tie naskribed to - They will have written it
Tie ed ne naskribit to / Tie ne naskribed to - They will not have written it
Tie il naskribit to / Tie naskribil to - They have written it
Tie il ne naskribit to / Tie ne naskribil to - They have not written it
Tie es muset naskribit to / Tie muses naskribit to - They must have it written
Tie es ne muset naskribit to / Tie nemuses naskribit to - They need not have it written

PERFEKTE PASIVE FORMA VERBOV - perfect passive voice of verb na .... te
Libro / Kniha es naskribite s moi priatel - A book has been written by my friend
Libro / Kniha es ne naskribite s moi priatel - A book has not been written by my friend
Libro / Kniha il naskribite s moi priatel - A book had been written by my friend
Libro / Kniha il ne naskribite s moi priatel - A book had not been written by my friend
Libro / Kniha ed naskribite s moi priatel - A book will have been written by my friend
Libro / Kniha ed ne naskribite s moi priatel - A book will not have been written by my friend

KREATENIE OV SUBSTANTIVI ZO VERBI - Making nouns from verbs :
omitting of wovel ending + t and adding - (e)nie, plural (e)ni
robit - robenie(to do/work - doing/working), skribit - skribenie(to write-writing), numerit - numerenie(to count-counting),
dat - daenie(to give - giving), agrit - agrenie(to crop - cropping), laborit - laborenie(to labour - labouring)sklit - sklenie
daeni, robeni, skribeni, numereni, agreni, laboreni, skleni (glassings), puteni (travelings)
Civil ov nacion - Citizen of nation - an / ani (mn.č.)
German(i), Italian(i), Rusian(i), Amerikan(i), C'eh'ian(i), Slovakian(i), Polakian(i), Hungarian(i), Spanian(i),
Francian(i), S'vedian(i), Ukrainan(i),Europan(i), Japonian(i), Arabian(i), Afrikan(i), Australian(i),Eskiman(i)
ameroindian(i), judean(i), cigan(i)
Substantivi ov femine rod - pred substantivi es - Femine nouns - before noun is - ta
ta German (german woman), ta Anglian(english woman), ta Slovakian (slovakian woman), ta Europan (european woman)
ta lev(she lion), ta medved(she bear), ta kot(cat), ta hus (goose)
ta direktor(she director), ta robotar(she worker), ta vedar(she scientist)
Substantivi ov neutrum rod - pred substantivi es - Neutrum nouns : before noun is - to
to lev(lion), to medved(bear), to kot(cat/tomcat), to hus(goose)
Cubs are formated by : mlade ( mlade kot - pussy, mlade bear - young bear, mlade kon - colt)

Lingva - language - ending : o
germanio - german, rusio - russian, slovakio - slovak, c'eh'io - czech, anglio - english,
polakio - polish, slovenio - slovenian, ukraino - ukrainian, latvio - latvian, litvio - lithuanian, estonio - estonian,
japonio, arabio, francio, italio, spanio, holandio, serbio, h'rvatio, macedonio, bulgario, esperanto, slovio, ido, sloveno
DEKLINACIA OV SUBSTANTIVI - Declination of Nouns :

Nominativ - natural form of noun ( To es kniha - It is a book )
Genitiv - ov ( To es otecov kniha - It is fatherīs book )
( To es kniha ov otec - It is a book of father
Dativ - om ( Ja ede dat to kniha otecom - I will give the book to father )
( Ja ede dat om otec to kniha - I will give father the book
Akuzativ - natural form of noun ( Ja ede dat otecom to kniha - I will give father the book )
( Ja ede dat oteciom to kniha - I will give fathers the book )

Lokal - is introduced by a preposition, e.g. o mama(about mum), o otec(about dad)
Ins'trumental - is introduced by a preposition, e.g. so mama(with mum), so otec(with dat)

In genitive and dative wovel endings are omitted and just endings -ov, - om, are added.
eg. sestrov kniha - sisterīs book, devicov mobile telefon - girlīs mobil telephone (devica - girl),
Ja ed dat to kniha devicom - I will give the book to the girl.
Junakiom klub daril nove sporte dresi - Club gifted boys new sport dresses.

In plural forms of genitive and datime (-ov, -u) go either before noun that remains in basic form
or as suffix behind the plural suffix - i :
napr. knihi ov oteci- books ov fathers, knihi ov devici - books of girls
e.g. kniha oteciov, knihi deviciov.

IMPERATIV : basic form of verb without ending wovel and infinitive ending ( - t ), adding of suffix - i.
idit - idi (go) videt - vidi (look) skribit - skribi (write) mat - mai (mai jedenie - have eating)
robit - robi (do) audit - audi (listen) c'itit - c'iti (read) z'ivit - z'ivi (live)
bez'it - bez'i (run) varit - vari (cook) kalkulit - kalkuli (count) est - esi (be) sedet - sedi (sit)

Ti skribi ! - Write ! (Ti) zmizi ! - dismiss !
Vi skribi ! - Write (plural) ! Vi zmizi ! - dismiss (plural) !
Mi skribi ! - Letīs write ! Mi zmizi ! - letīs dismiss !

MENENIE OV STATUS - changing of status : pre
plus pre velit - to get bigger plus pre malit - to get smaller
plus pre veli - get bigger ! plus pre mali - get smaller ! (imperativ)
pre tmavit - to get dark
pre lumenit - to get enlighten
pre staret - to grow old
pre kamenit - to turn to stone

KREATENIE SLOVIOV - Creating of words

librit (to write a book) - libro (a book) - libri (books) - librar (book writer) - librari (book writers)
- librenie (writing a book) - nalibrit (to have a book written) - nalibrenie (having a book written) - librite (a book written)
- nalibrite (a book have been written)

literit (to write) - litero (a letter) - literi (letters) - literar (correspondent, writer) - literari (correspondents, writers)
- literenie (writing) - naliterit (to have it written) - naliterenie (having it written) - literite (written) - naliterite (have been written)

edukatit (to teach, to educate) - edukata (teaching, education) - edukati (teachings, educations) - edukator (teacher, educationer) - edukatori (teachers, educationers) - edukatenie (teaching, education) - naedukatit (to have it taught)
- naedukatenie (having it taught) - edukatite (teaching, educating) - naedukatite (have been taught)

PERSONE ADVERBI - Personal Adverbs

Nominativ Dativ Genitiv
ja - I me - me moi - my
ti - you te - you tvoi - your
ten - he, this tenu - him tenoi - his
ta - she, this tau - her tai - her
to - it, this tou - it toi - its

mi - we nam - us nas' - our
vi - you vam - you vas' - your
tie - they tim - them tih' - their


ti - you (singular) vi - you (plural)


ko - who c'o - what (thing)
kov - whose c'ov - of what
kom - whom c'om - to what
o kom - about whom o c'om - about what
s kom - with whom s c'om - with what

ke - where kor - which
kei - when (time) z'e - that
ki - what (person) abo - or
kao - how len - only
ak - if tez' - too, either, as well as
kim - while, meanwhile ebo - because, thatīs why
ked - when li - whether
c'em - why ale - but

kisi - some c'osi - something
neki - no + noun, none nec' - nothing
kesi - somewhere hocīo - anything
neke - nowhere lensi - some, a few, a little
kosi - somebody, someone kien - every, everyone, each
neko - nobody, no one korsi - some, someone
kaosi - some, somehow ensi - whoever, whichever, whatever
nekao - no way nekei - never

od ke - where from
do ke - where to
od kei - from when / from what time
do kei - till what time



REFLEKSE ADVERBO - Feflexive Adverb se - self
Tie edukede se to future tiden - They will learn it (themselves) next week.

NUMERI - Numbers

Baze numeri - Ordinal numbers Porade numeri (-ta) - Cardinal Numbers

0 - nul, zero 0th - nulte, zerote ( zeroth, nilth)
1 - en 1st - ente
2 - dve 2nd - dvete
3 - tri 3th - trite
4 - s'tir 4th - s'tirte
5 - pet 5th - pette
6 - s'es 6th - sxeste
7 - sem 7th - semte
8 - os 8th - oste
9 - dev 9th - devte
10 - des 10th - deste

11 - desen 11th - desente
12 - desdve 12th - desdvete
13 - destri 13th - destrite
14 - dess'tir 14th - dess'tirte
15 - despet 15th - despette
16 - dess'es 16th - dess'este
17 - dessem 17th - dessemte
18 - desos 18th - desoste
19 - desdev 19th - desdevte

20 - dvedes 20th - dvedeste
21 - dvedesen 21th - dvedesente
22 - dvedesdve 22th - dvedesdvete

30 - trides 30th - trideste
40 - s'tirdes 40th - s'tirdeste
50 - petdes 50th - petdeste

100 - sto (hekto) 100th - stote (hektote)
1000 - tis (kilo) 1 000th - tiste (kilote)
1 000 000 - milion (mega) 1 000 000th - milionte (megate)
1 000 000 000 - bilion (giga) 1 000 000 000th - bilionte (gigate)


Multiplikacia : - krat dvekrat - twice, deskrat - ten times
Dividencia : div divide / divided
Frakcia : - ina dveina - half, desina - the tenth, stoina - the hundredth




PLUSENIE NUMERIOV - Counting of numbers
os plus sem es (ekves) despet - 8 + 7 = 15
MINUSENIE NUMERIOV - Discounting of numbers
despet minus sem es (ekves) os - 15 - 7 = 8
MULTIPLENIE NUMERIOV - Multiplication of numbers
dve krat tri es s'es - 2 x 3 = 6 des krat sto es tis (des krat hekto es kilo) - ten times hundred is thousand
tis krat milion es bilion (kilo krat mega es giga) - thousand times million is milliard
DIVIDENIE NUMERIOV - Dividing of numbers
des div pet es dve - ten divided by five is two
bilion div tis es milion (giga div kilo es mega) - milliard divided by thousend is million
FRAKTI - Fractions
dveina (en lom dve) - 1/2 triina (en lom tri) - 1/3 dev milionina (dev lom milion / dev lom mega) - 9/1 000 000
DESMALE NUMERI - Decimal numbers
nul cele en (en desmal) - 0,1 nul cele dve (dve desmali) - 0,2
nul cele en milionmali / en milionmali (nul cele en megamali) 0,000 001
EKVATA - Equation (Ekvati - Equations) - E es ekvate m krat c kvadrat (E = mc2)
102 - des na dve / des na kvadrat, 103 - des na tri / des na kubik, 104 - des na sxtir 105 - des na pet

Decimale Sistem - Decimal System
meter, liter, kilogram
kvadrate meter (square meter), kubike meter (cubic meter), obkvadragonal (oblong, rectangle)
cirk (circle), polcirk (semicircle), radius (radius), diameter (diameter), diagonala (diagonal), sfera (sphere),
trigonal (triangular), kvadragonal (square), pentagonal (pentagon), heksagonal (hexagonal), oktagonal (oktagonal)
linea (line), horizontale / vertikale linea (horizontal/vertical line), goniometer (protractor) prizen (prism)
perimeter (circuit, perimeter), paralele linei (parallel lines), krive linea (curve), priame linea (straight line),
cilinder (cilinder), konus (cone), kubus (cube), limite linea (abscissa), bod (dot), lina (comma, line),




Prefiksi - Prefixes
anti - : antifasxist, antialergia, antipatia, antitalent, antibiotikum, antikorozia
kontra - : kontraproduktiva, kontrasxpionazx
bi - : bicikel, biceps, bilingualna
di - : dipol, diferencia, difuzia
dis - : disharmonia, disproporcia, diskvalifikacia, dislokacia, distribucia
epi - : epicentrum, epidemia, epigram, epilog
i-,im-,in-,intra-,intro-,intra-, : ilegalna, imatrikulacia, import, impulz, induktivita, indisponovana, inhalacia,
intravenozna, intravilan, introvert,
inter - : interpunkcia, intervencia, internacionalna, interkontinentalna
dis - : disfunkcia
hiper - / hipo - : hiperbola, hipermangan, hipermoderna, hipofiza, hipoteza
sim-, sin- : simbioza, simpatika, simfonia, sinhronika, sinonimum, sintaks, sinteza
roz - : rozlomenie, rozdelit
eks - : eksprezident, eksmuz'
semi - : semic'as, semicirk
sub - : subteren,
ne - : nemoz'a, nepopulara
pre - : pre-gvarit, pre-meno, pre-imagit
pseudo - : pseudo-religia
retro - : retrospektiva, retroaktiva
re - rerobit, revolbit, reotvorit, revidovat
retranslacia, retranslator
bez - : bezzuba, bezviraza, bezviznama
vice - : viceprezident, vicemaister, vicekancelar
trans - : transmisia, transliteracia,transponder
Sufiksi - Sufixes
- ismus / asmus : socializmus, katolikizmus,revizionizmus, realizmus, protestantizmus, islamizmus, sarkazmus,
-ist / -ar / -er /- or : dentist, pesnist, reparist, elektrikar, pecar, s'ofer, doktor,


Example of some used Latin and Greek words in Sloveno
dar(gift), agrit(to cultivate), skribit(to write), sedet(to sit), stat(to stand), videt(to see), audit(to hear), vehikular(vehicle)
navigat(to navigate), nihilovat(to destroy), mortit(to kill), lektit(to read), diferit(to distinguish), duplikit (to double), sedet (to sit)
laborit(to work), kredit(to believe) kos'ela(shirt), s'kola(school), kapusta(cabbage), z'iak(pupil), ceruza(pencil),striga(witch)
palac(palace), verbala(verbal), morta(dead), militanta(army), magnifikanta(magnificant),maksimala(the biggest, greatest),
optimala (optimal), mur(wall), inicia(beginning), astra(star), tera(earth), luna(moon), templar(monk), birokracia(burocracy),
dukcia (duction), femina(femine), egzitus (death), fakt(fact), kineza(movement), liberta(freedom), mater (mother), lakto(milk), legislativa(legislation),librum(book),kalamita(disaster),korpus(body),artist(artist), metamorfoza(change),aerodinamika
urbare(urbal), dom(house), litera(letter), materia(matter), minorita(minority), medik / doktor(doctor), siencia(science),rosa (dew) siencist(scientist), nacion(nation), procesia(procession), numero(number,digit), audiencia(hearing), meteorologia(meteorology)
episkopia, minimum,maksimum,magnum, geografia,anonim, liceum, polihistor,dializa,derma,liceum,dukcia,trigonometria
Gotsī words
h'leb(bread), sklo(glass), buk(beech)
Other words from different foreign languages and their creation
stabilita, disputa, debata, sprej, lodz'ia, kufor, deka, katastrofa, fajn, funkcia, mutacia, razante, pozicia,
tema,sh'ema,grafologia,vizia,distristribucia,fonia,kataklizma,antibiotikum,enorme,higienika,hipotetika,
sekurita,armia, arest, rezultat, digital, senzor, c'ip, komputer, disk, disketa, totalita,globala,implicita,
printit(to print), printerist(printer man), printer(printer), komputit(to work on PC), komputer (PC),
komputenie (working on PC), komputist (one working on PC)


VOKABULAR (selekcia) - Vocabulary (digest)

an - yes pondelak - Monday januar Pacifike Ocean - Pacific Ocean
ne - no utorak - Tuesday februar Atlantike Ocean - Atlantic Ocean
c'as - time sreda - Wednesday marec Indie Ocean - Indian Ocean
den - day s'tirak - Thursday april Arktike Ocean - Arctic Ocean
tiden - week petak - Friday maj Ekvatore Cirk - Equator
mesec - month sobota - Saturday jun Longituda - Longitude
rok - year nedela - Sunday jul Latituda - Latitude
sever - north c'era - yesterday august Severe Polare Cirk - North Polar Circus
jug - south danes - today september Juge Plare Cirk - South Polar Circus
istok - east sutra - tomorrow oktober Severe Magnete Pol - North magnetic pole
zapad - west utro - morning november Juge Magnete Pol - South magnetic pole
vesna - spring polden - noon december Antarktika - Antarktica
leto - summer vec'er - evening Volkano - Volcano
jesen - autumn noc - night Kontinent - Continent
zima - winter polnoc - polnoc Mezotere More - Mediterranean Sea

ahoj - hello, hi selo - village Helio - The Sun zem - earth, soil
dobre den - good day mesto - town Globa - Earth (Geo- - Geo-) tera - area, teritory
dobre utro - good morning gora - mountain Luna - The Moon) sevet - world
dobre vec'er - good evening luka - meadow planeta - planet
dobre noc - good night put - way, road Helie Sistem - Solar System

hostinec - pub putenie - travelling
jedit - to eat jedenie - eating, food spat - to sleep spanie - sleeping mai spanie - have a sleep
pitit - to drink pitenie - drinking, beverage bivat - live, stay bivenie - accomodation mai bivenie - have staying


Zdravo - Hello
Ko es ti ? - How are you ? Kao velo (denari) es to ? - How much(money) is it ?
Ja es dobro. - I am fine. Mezo nacione lingva - international language

Ki es c'as ? - Whatīs the time ?
(To es) pet c'asi - It is five oīclock

aviator - flier administracia - administration
aerodrom - airport dividencia - department, section
aeroplan - airplane justicia - justice
helikoptera - helicopter governia - government
sonda - probe minister - minister, servant
eks Globe civilizacia - extraterrestrial civilisation universale - universal, general, common
mezo-planete - interplanetary gradus - grade
kosmodrom - rocket pad
Globe gravitacia / Geogravitacia - Earth gravitation
orbita - orbit
distancia - distance

zover - animal, creature organite - organic
pteric - bird ih'tia - fish insekt - insect mamal - mamal ne organite - inorganic
planta - plant herba - herb folis - leaf

senzitivita - sensitivity
celula - cell


Jesus Kristus - Jesus Christ eklesia - church
Evangelium - gospel spasitor - savior
Apostol (i) - apostle(s) kral - king
Angel (i) - angel(s) krale tera - kingdom
Kristan (i) - christian(s) kris' - cross
baptisit - baptise (baptisenie - baptism) religia - religion ( religie - religious, religii - religions)
sante - saint Kristove Narodenie - Christmas
Sant (i) - Saint(s) Spasitorove Noc - Easter
spirit (i) - spirit(s) Deo - God
mesias' - mesiah Deov justicia - Godīs justice
profet (i) - prophet(s)
A.K. (ante Kristus) - B.C. (before Christ) monastir - monastir monist - monk
P.K. (post Kristus) - A.D. (anno Domini) oms'a - mass

verita - belief, truth, credo Sant Skribenie - Holy Writing / Scriptum
verit - to believe
resurektit - to resurrect

Nas' otec, kor ti es vo nebes
presante esi tvoi nome
pridi kralenie tvoi
esi volenie tvoi
kao vo nebo, tak i na zem
h'leb nas' kienodene dai nam danes
a odpusti nam nas' prestupeni
kao i mi es odpust nas' prestupitori
a ne uvedi nas do pokus'enie
ale zbavi nas od zle. Amen
Vo nome ov Otec i Sin i Sante Spirit In the name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit


************


STATI / KRALE TERITORI / REPUBLIKI / DEPENDE TERITORI
States / Kingdoms / Republics / Depended Territories

Unia ov Arab Emirati United Arab Emirates
Afgania Afghanistan
Albania Albania
Armenia Armenia
Arktida Arktica
Antarktida Antarktica
Austria Austria
Australia Australia
Azerbaidz'an Azerbaijan
Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnia and Hercegovina
Banglades' Bangladesh
Belgia Belgium
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Bermuda Bermuda
Brazilia Brazilia
Bahama Ostrovi Bahamas
Belarusia Belarussia
Kanada Canada
Republika ov Centrale Afrike Republic of Central Africa
Republika ov Juge Afrika Republic of South Africa
S'vaicaria Switzerland
C'ina China
Kipros Cyprus
C'eh' Republika Czech Republic
Germania Germany
Dz'ibuti Gibuti
Dania Denmark
Dominike Republika Dominican Republic
Alz'eria Algeria
Estonia Estonia
Egypt Egypt
Zapade Sahara Western Sahara
Espania Spain
Finlandia Finland
Ostrovi Fidz'i Fiji Islands
Falklande Ostrovi Falkland Isles
Fare Ostrovi Fare Isles
Francia France
Gruzia Georgia
Francie Guiana French Guiana
Gibraltar Gibraltar
Gronlandia Greenland
Ekvatore Guinea Equatorial Guinea
Grecia Greece
H'rvatia Croatia
Irlandia Ireland
Izrael Israel
Irak Iraq
Iran Iran
Island Iceland
Italia Italy
Jamaika Jamaica
Jordania Jordan
Japonia Japan
Kenia Kenia
Kirgizia Kirgizia
Kambodzxa Kambodia
Severe Korea North Korea
Juge Korea South Korea
Kuvait Kuwait
Kaimane Ostrovi Caiman Isles
Kazah'stan Kazakhstan
Libanon Lebanon
Lih'tens'tain Lichtenstein
Litva Lithuania
Luxemburg Luxembourgh
Latvia Latvia
Moldovia Moldovia
Marsxale Ostrovi Marshall Islands
Makedonia Macedonia
Mongolia Mongolia
Martinik Martinique
Mauritania Mauretania
Malta Malta
Mauritius Mauritius
Malawi Malawi
Mexiko Mexico
Malaizia Malaysia
Mozambik Mozambique
Namibia Namibia
Nove Kaledonia New Caledonia
Nederland / Holandia Netherland / Holland
Norvegia Norway
Nove Zealand New Zealand
Francie Polynezia French Polynesia
Filipini Philiphinnes
Polakia Poland
Puerto Riko Puerto Rico
Palestina Palestine
Portugalia Portugal
Paraguay Paraguay
Kuatar Quatar
Romania Romania
Rusia Russia
Rwanda Rwanda
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
Solomon Ostrovi Solomon Islands
Seys'eli Seychelles
S'vedia Sweden
Singapur Singapore
Slovenia Slovenia
Slovakia Slovakia
San Marino San Marino
Somalia Somalia
El Salvador El Salvador
Syria Syria
Swaziland Swaziland
Turks i Kaikos Ostrovi Turks and Caicos Islands
Tailandia Thailand
Tadz'ikia Tajikistan
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan
Tunisia Tunisia
Istoke Timor East Timor
Turcia Turkey
Tai-wan Tai-wan
Ukraina Ukraine
USA (Unia Statiov ov Amerika) USA
Uruguay Uruguay
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan
Vatikan Vatican
Vietnam Vietnam
Jemen Yemen
Jugoslavia Yugoslavia
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe


Note: Main idea of creating the language was to simplify grammar which expresses
a certain way of regularity and simplicity and the vocabulary that is simple to pronounce and write and
meets a certain way connection to two principal European languages that are Latin and Greek.
The language does not want to edge the natural slavic languages out. Those will exist on.
Its role is to act as an auxilliary language to these natural languages.


Prezentenie tekstiov vo Sloveno :

Slovane nacioni kor maes latine ABCD skribenie : mnoz'ina 65 milioni humani
(Slavonic nations that have latin ABC writing : amount 65 million people)

Sloveno maes rozume gramatika bez komplikite sufiksi a prefiksi i gramatike neregulareni.
Pro to es vic dobre c'em ensi naturale lingva

Gramatika ov Sloveno es fundamente a es ne mat urgencia ov kisi trebenie pro
kreatenie ov vic komplikite gramatike strukturi, kor es ne trebite pro standarde
z'ive komunikacia mezo humani.


Kodite a nekodite programi ov slovane televizii na Eutelsat 13o istoko a Astra 19.2o istoko.
(Eutelsat destri gradusi istoko a Astra desdev bod dve gradusi istoko)
Televizie programi ov Slovenia, H'rvatia,Serbia,Crna Gora,Bosna a Hercegovina, Bulgaria,C'eh'ia, Polakia, Rusia
a kisi programi ne Slovane nacioni ov Kazah'stan a Azerbajdz'an vo Slovane lingvi, kor maes en ili plus velo ne kodite programi. Slovakie a Macedonie satelite televizii es kodite. Korsi es pol kodite. To es idea kreatit en televizie program
pro vse Slovane nacioni, kor bi ne kodite a bi servit pro plus velo nez' 300 milioni Slovane humani.

NASELENIE A PODOBI OV STAT
Na nas' teritorium il z'ivit uz' pred lensi tis roki kmeni ov koc'ove pasteri
a naselite agritori. Na kelte a plus pozde Rome naselenie il navazat Slovani,
kor kmeni il pridit do Centrale Europa vo 4. - 5. storoki P.K.
Za ente state utvar na nas' teritorium moz'eto povaz'it Velomorave Ris'a,
c'om predidit kmene unia ov zapade Slovani - Samov Ris'a.

Po dekadencia ov Velomorave Ris'a teritorium ov Slovakia il dlho kus ov plus
vele formenie - ov Ugria, vo to dominante nacion il Hungariani.

Vo 19. storoki Slovakiani il startit z'adat tih' nacione juristiki. Vo rok 1918
po dekadencia ov Austria - Ugria to il kreatit nove stat - C'eh'ioslovakie Republika.
To menenie il krok ku state suverenit.


" Moz'es mi bit vo Europa justicio ekvate, ked mi vse ne govores lingvo ekvato ?! "


************

"Mi es konkluzit tak, z'e opozito tim mnogokrate obstrukcii a h'aosi ov reciprocie kontakt, kor es formit
zo variacia, zo lekost a ne perfekcia ov lingvi, es ne ostat ov efektive medium, nez' abi se kompletit nove
plus leke lingva, nad vse ine uz' zname, abi mi moz'et edukit to bez c'ase a objektive deficit ... "


Ioannes Amos Comenius, VIA LUCIS



"En triina ov nas' z'ivenie bi pridate nam ak akceptenie ov pomocite lingva il edukacia ov ine naturale lingvi limitite
na racie kriterium"
G.W.Leibniz



MEMORI HUMAN, KAO PRAH' TI ES A VO PRAH' TI ED REVERTE


sloveno@email.com


http://www.academici.com/hp/Ioannes_Sloveno














 
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AuthorReply

Kompromis

No score for this post
July 31 2006, 9:08 PM 

Please discuss. I think that it would be possible to find a compromise between Sloveno, Slovianski-S of Gabriel Svoboda and Slovianski-S of iopq. It would be great to have one language instead of three ones, wouldn't it?

Nouns

I basically agree with this system. But Slovio-ists and me will have a little problem with it: if you know only the plural form of the noun (oteci, deti, radii), you can't derive the singular form (otec_, deta, radio) without consulting a dictionary. Slovio took the way of un-Slavic, but unambigous -(i)s ending to solve this problem. I have already tried almost all possible solutions of this problem. As a result, I confess that nothing can be done about this truncation of final vowels, if the result language is going to sound Slavic. However, I'd still prefer to introduce the rule that if the user doesn't know the correct singular ending, -o is always considered to be correct (oteco, deto, radio), although the natural Slavic forms (otec_, deta, radio) should be preferred when possible.

Adjectives

The first problem: what should the adjectival ending look like? Sloveno has got -e, Slovio -ju, iopq's system -aj. The -aj ending has got quite good reasons behind itself:

- Masculine adjectives often end in -ij in natural Slavic languages, so it differs only by one letter from -aj.
- Feminine adjectives often end in -a in natural Slavic languages, so it differs only by one letter from -aj.
- The most common endings of genitive nouns in Slavic languages are -a and -i. The -aj ending is a combination of these two, so consequently there is no need to insert -n- or -sk- (as in natural Slavic languages) during deriving an adjective from a noun because the result adjective will resemble a genitive of the original noun - which is desired.

What do you think about this ending?

Comparation

The word vic wouldn't be understood by all Slavs as "more", the same as Slovio's bols'. The international equivalent plus might be a solution because it is understandable to all Slavs but Ondrej Rec'nik found out that a more Slavic word is available: vis'e (and najvis'e). It is understood by all Slavs and it is Slavic, so I think that it is the best solution.

Adverbs

It can't be simple -o because it is already used by some nouns. Possible endings are e.g. -ajo (from the adjectival -aj), -uo (from Slovio, but it doesn't sound too bad). Which of them to choose? I think that we can leave this question open until it's clear which adjectival ending we will use and which endings will be unused.

Prepositions, conjunctions

To select their best Slavic form is mostly a vocabulary issue, not a grammar one, so I won't speak about it here.

Verbs

An overhelming majority of Slavic verbs end in -it. (Verbs ending in -at, -et and -ut are quite rare in comparison with the -it verbs.) Therefore I think that natural Slavic -it verbs should be rendered simply by adding -it to the root:

to come = prid + -it = pridit
to get = poluc' + -it = poluc'it
to go = id + -it = idit
to keep = derz' + -it = derz'it
to let = ostav + -it = ostavit
to put = poloz' + -it = poloz'it
to seem = ziav + -it = ziavit
to say = molv + -it = molvit

In terms of non--it verbs, the final -t of the natural Slavic verb should be truncated and the rest should be considered to be a root. Then -it should be added to that root.

to take = bera + -it = berait
to have = ima + -it = imait
to see = vide + -it = videit
to send = posla + -it = poslait
to may = mogu + -it = moguit

We will probably agree that verbal nouns should be created by replacing -it with -enie.

The words il/es/ede for creating past/present/future tense may be logical enough but I don't think that they sound Slavic. I think that the best compromise between simplicity and naturality is the system of Slovianski: -il for past, -it (infinitive) for present and a helping word budet (or maybe "budu") for the future. Only one irregular verb is necessary: to be. I think that it should be bit in infinitive, bil in past, jest in present and budet (or maybe "budu") in future.

I'd also like to add a vowel to the -il ending according to the final vowel of the subject noun (eventually according to its sex) because e.g. "ona pisal" really does look ugly. Iopq also proposed a system of using -ili always (on pisali, ona pisali, ono pisali, oni pisali), which is simpler than my changing of vowels and in my eyes it looks much better than Slovio's "on pisal, ona pisal, ono pisal, oni pisal(i)".

Eventual aspects should be discussed later.

We should also have participles. I think that the best endings would be -en for passive participle, -uc' for present active participle and maybe -ivs' for past active participle (if we want to have it).

Imperative should probably end in -ijme (first persons plural), -ijte (second person plural) and -ij (in all other cases).

Cases

I still think that it would be the best to express cases by prepositions, as such system would be much easier than case endings. The prepositions should be Slavic (or at least Romance/international, if we don't manage to agree about Slavic ones). Currently I'd prefer ot for genitive, k for dative, ot for instrumental (about a person) and posrecvom (or maybe simplified posred) for instrumental (about a tool). The best forms of prepositions should be discussed.

However, it would be a problem to find a preposition for an accusative. Either we will express it by an ending (so we would have a two-cases system as in Esperanto), or we will have a more fixed word order (subject before object). I personally would prefer the more fixed word order.

Prefixes, suffixes

To select their best forms is mostly a vocabulary issue, so I won't speak about them here.

Personal and possessive pronouns

We will probably agree that we need a nominative form, a possesive form and maybe a prepositional form (to be used after prepositions and in the role of accusative). These forms should be as Slavic as possible because they will be irregular anyway. They shouldn't be artificially constructed (it would help neither to Slavs nor to foreigners).

Numerals

A vocabulary issue again.

 
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Re: Kompromis

No score for this post
August 2 2006, 5:35 AM 

=========
Please discuss. I think that it would be possible to find a compromise between Sloveno, Slovianski-S of Gabriel Svoboda and Slovianski-S of iopq. It would be great to have one language instead of three ones, wouldn't it?

Nouns

I basically agree with this system. But Slovio-ists and me will have a little problem with it: if you know only the plural form of the noun (oteci, deti, radii), you can't derive the singular form (otec_, deta, radio) without consulting a dictionary. Slovio took the way of un-Slavic, but unambigous -(i)s ending to solve this problem. I have already tried almost all possible solutions of this problem. As a result, I confess that nothing can be done about this truncation of final vowels, if the result language is going to sound Slavic. However, I'd still prefer to introduce the rule that if the user doesn't know the correct singular ending, -o is always considered to be correct (oteco, deto, radio), although the natural Slavic forms (otec_, deta, radio) should be preferred when possible.

Adjectives

The first problem: what should the adjectival ending look like? Sloveno has got -e, Slovio -ju, iopq's system -aj. The -aj ending has got quite good reasons behind itself:

- Masculine adjectives often end in -ij in natural Slavic languages, so it differs only by one letter from -aj.
- Feminine adjectives often end in -a in natural Slavic languages, so it differs only by one letter from -aj.
- The most common endings of genitive nouns in Slavic languages are -a and -i. The -aj ending is a combination of these two, so consequently there is no need to insert -n- or -sk- (as in natural Slavic languages) during deriving an adjective from a noun because the result adjective will resemble a genitive of the original noun - which is desired.

What do you think about this ending?

Comparation

The word vic wouldn't be understood by all Slavs as "more", the same as Slovio's bols'. The international equivalent plus might be a solution because it is understandable to all Slavs but Ondrej Rec'nik found out that a more Slavic word is available: vis'e (and najvis'e). It is understood by all Slavs and it is Slavic, so I think that it is the best solution.

Adverbs

It can't be simple -o because it is already used by some nouns. Possible endings are e.g. -ajo (from the adjectival -aj), -uo (from Slovio, but it doesn't sound too bad). Which of them to choose? I think that we can leave this question open until it's clear which adjectival ending we will use and which endings will be unused.

Prepositions, conjunctions

To select their best Slavic form is mostly a vocabulary issue, not a grammar one, so I won't speak about it here.

Verbs

An overhelming majority of Slavic verbs end in -it. (Verbs ending in -at, -et and -ut are quite rare in comparison with the -it verbs.) Therefore I think that natural Slavic -it verbs should be rendered simply by adding -it to the root:

to come = prid + -it = pridit
to get = poluc' + -it = poluc'it
to go = id + -it = idit
to keep = derz' + -it = derz'it
to let = ostav + -it = ostavit
to put = poloz' + -it = poloz'it
to seem = ziav + -it = ziavit
to say = molv + -it = molvit

In terms of non--it verbs, the final -t of the natural Slavic verb should be truncated and the rest should be considered to be a root. Then -it should be added to that root.

to take = bera + -it = berait
to have = ima + -it = imait
to see = vide + -it = videit
to send = posla + -it = poslait
to may = mogu + -it = moguit

We will probably agree that verbal nouns should be created by replacing -it with -enie.

The words il/es/ede for creating past/present/future tense may be logical enough but I don't think that they sound Slavic. I think that the best compromise between simplicity and naturality is the system of Slovianski: -il for past, -it (infinitive) for present and a helping word budet (or maybe "budu") for the future. Only one irregular verb is necessary: to be. I think that it should be bit in infinitive, bil in past, jest in present and budet (or maybe "budu") in future.

I'd also like to add a vowel to the -il ending according to the final vowel of the subject noun (eventually according to its sex) because e.g. "ona pisal" really does look ugly. Iopq also proposed a system of using -ili always (on pisali, ona pisali, ono pisali, oni pisali), which is simpler than my changing of vowels and in my eyes it looks much better than Slovio's "on pisal, ona pisal, ono pisal, oni pisal(i)".

Eventual aspects should be discussed later.

We should also have participles. I think that the best endings would be -en for passive participle, -uc' for present active participle and maybe -ivs' for past active participle (if we want to have it).

Imperative should probably end in -ijme (first persons plural), -ijte (second person plural) and -ij (in all other cases).

Cases

I still think that it would be the best to express cases by prepositions, as such system would be much easier than case endings. The prepositions should be Slavic (or at least Romance/international, if we don't manage to agree about Slavic ones). Currently I'd prefer ot for genitive, k for dative, ot for instrumental (about a person) and posrecvom (or maybe simplified posred) for instrumental (about a tool). The best forms of prepositions should be discussed.

However, it would be a problem to find a preposition for an accusative. Either we will express it by an ending (so we would have a two-cases system as in Esperanto), or we will have a more fixed word order (subject before object). I personally would prefer the more fixed word order.

Prefixes, suffixes

To select their best forms is mostly a vocabulary issue, so I won't speak about them here.

Personal and possessive pronouns

We will probably agree that we need a nominative form, a possesive form and maybe a prepositional form (to be used after prepositions and in the role of accusative). These forms should be as Slavic as possible because they will be irregular anyway. They shouldn't be artificially constructed (it would help neither to Slavs nor to foreigners).

Numerals

A vocabulary issue again.
========

I think the verb ending should be -t. There is no reason to have verbs like delait when we have no need to pronounce or write them that way. Then all the verb roots are ending with a vowel and we only end a consonant at the end.

The past tense could also be -li

because we have things like
on delal (good)
ona delal (bad)
oni delal (bad)
mi delal (bad)

I think this is better
on delali (not bad)
ona delali (not bad)
oni delali (good)
mi delali (good)

it's like they in English
they is used when the sex of the person is unknown

Example from Shakespeare:
"Hark! How they knock" (one person knocking but the speaker doesn't know who)

but this usage of they is pretty weird for a Slavic language but at least the endings for verbs could be "standardized" by using the "they" form every time

in Ukrainian:
voni je
voni buli
voni budut

we can use je or jest whichever everyone likes best

this applies to budut (it also happens to be a compromise between budu and budet)

passive could also be -n as in
on bili liubin
da on je darin mjacx
ona bili nasilovan

keeping the original vowel makes it sound better

also, if we have two forms for pronouns, why not have the same two forms for nouns?
the third form (possessive) is actually an adjective and we form that in my grammar using -ovaj
otec - otecu:otecovaj

ja - mene:moj
ti - tebe:tvoj
on - jemu:jevoj
ona - jej:jejoj
oni - im:ihnij
mi - nam:nasxij
vi - vam:vasxij

it would be kind of hard to make it all regular but at least we could keep the -j ending for adjectives

 
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Re: Kompromis

No score for this post
August 2 2006, 6:44 PM 

Igor pisal:
As a result, I confess that nothing can be done about this truncation of final vowels, if the result language is going to sound Slavic. However, I'd still prefer to introduce the rule that if the user doesn't know the correct singular ending, -o is always considered to be correct (oteco, deto, radio), although the natural Slavic forms (otec_, deta, radio) should be preferred when possible.
===
your -o ending does not at all sound Slavic: oteco pisalo (sounds like a Kastrat writes something, but how can he be a father?)
===
I'd also like to add a vowel to the -il ending according to the final vowel of the subject noun (eventually according to its sex) because e.g. "ona pisal" really does look ugly.
===
Proposal: ona pisala, ona pisata, ona budu pisata, well just to be consequent. And for the first personal pronoun: J (m), Ja (f) Jo (n) and Ji (p); second p. p.: t, ta, to, ti
===
(on pisali, ona pisali, ono pisali, oni pisali), which is simpler than my changing of vowels and in my eyes it looks much better than Slovio's "on pisal, ona pisal, ono pisal, oni pisal(i)".
===
ona pisali does not only sound stupid it is stupid, especially if you use -i ending for the plural.
===
Eugeniusx

 
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Re: Kompromis

No score for this post
August 3 2006, 12:11 PM 

your -o ending does not at all sound Slavic

Your -is ending does not at all sound Slavic.

 
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Re: Kompromis

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August 2 2006, 8:22 PM 

I think the verb ending should be -t. There is no reason to have verbs like delait when we have no need to pronounce or write them that way. Then all the verb roots are ending with a vowel and we only end a consonant at the end.

The point is: nouns derived from verbs and verbs derived from nouns. Example: Natural Slavic languages have a noun "lom" and a verb "lomit". With your system of verbs ending in -at, -et, -it and -ut, the verbs dervied from nouns would have to end in -ot (o is the only remaining vowel). So somebody could take the noun lom as a basic form and derive the verb lomot from it. Somebody else could think that we have got natural Slavic verb lomit and derive the noun lominie from it. And it is the problem: if we said that the noun lom is a basic form, we would confuse those who feel the verb lomit to be more basic. And vice versa. But it would be too difficult to have both lom and lomit with no derivational relation between them.

If we had verbs in -it only, the situation would be much easier: we could have both lom and lomit and nobody would have to care which form is the basic one and which is the derved one. I don't insist on the system of verbs in -it only but I think that it would be very practical.

The past tense could also be -li

Thanks, the -(i)li ending is really very well reasoned now. I think that we can adopt it.

this applies to budut (it also happens to be a compromise between budu and budet)

Yes, budut sounds good.

also, if we have two forms for pronouns, why not have the same two forms for nouns?

E.g. ja is very different from mene, so it would sound weird if we had only ja. But otec is almost identical to otecu, so we could easily avoid the latter.

the third form (possessive) is actually an adjective and we form that in my grammar using -ovaj

Yes, we can have -ovaj ending, but then we would have to have also -inaj (otecovaj, maminaj). But I think that ot otec, ot mama could suffice ...

ja - mene:moj
ti - tebe:tvoj
on - jemu:jevoj
ona - jej:jejoj
oni - im:ihnij
mi - nam:nasxij
vi - vam:vasxij


According to Jan, the natural forms are:

ja - me/mene : moj
ti - te/tebe : tvoj
on - jego : jego
ona - ju : jej
ono - jego : jego
mi - nas : nas'
vi - vas : vas'
oni - ih : ih

So we need to avoid ambigous forms (jego, ih). I'd propose for example:

on - ego : jago
ono - ho : ogo
oni - ih : ihni

We also need to decide, if we will use "me, te" or "mene, tebe".

But this is just a proposal, your system would also be usable.

 
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from Slovianski forum

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August 2 2006, 8:28 PM 

even slovio has the accusative

So we could have an optional accusative which would be used only in cases of unusual word order. It could end in -u in singular and -e in plural (but you can find more natural Slavic endings, I'll accept them).

about female forms
kot is by default male
that's just how it is


In Czech, we have koc'ka (Slovak mac'ka) which is female by default.


-ic' just looks like a last name to me
-ina works in some cases, and doesn't in others
uc'itelina doesn't sound like anything to me
balerina sounds fine to me

why not
-ka for female
-ik for diminutive
-nica for diminutive female

uc'itel/uc'itelik : uc'itelka / uc'itelnica
kot/kotik : kotka / kotica

of couse we'd have a problem with balet


I agree with the suffixes -ka, -ik and -ica. (The -ka is a little bit problematic because it starts in a consonant, so it could cause unpronounceable consonant clusters. But hopefully this won't happen too often.) In Czech, we have also baletka besides balerina so it is no problem.

To have only two froms, while the basic form tends to be more male and the female form is derived from it is a system that certainly imitates the Slavic languages the best. But such system is also unpractical, unsymetric and maybe even discriminatory. If the basic form is male by default, what to do when you speak about person(s) whose sex is unknown or unimportant? Shall we always use uc'itel ili uc'itelka, uc'iteli i uc'itelki? Too long, I think ... And if uc'itel meant both "male teacher" and "teacher of unspecified sex", it would be too confusing ... Esperanto uses a similar confusing system and recently I have seen a long discussion on Esperanto Wikipedia about the topic whether "List of actors" should contan only male actors or actors of both sexes. Other confusion: if we derive priatelstvo from priatel and if priatel means "male friend", then priatelstvo is "friendship of males" and we have to have also priatelkastvo = "friendship of females". Or consider the sentence: Ti jest moja naj-vis'e-dobraj priatelka. Does it mean "you are the best of all (both male and female) friends I have and because you are female, I speak about you with -ka" or "you are my best female friend (while I may have also my best male friend)"?

For all these reasons, I'd prefer the basic form (priatel, uc'itel) to be sex-neutral. And males should have their own suffix, the same as females do. I proposed the suffix -ic' that comes from Slavic male patronymics and it is also used in experimantal (not official) Esperanto. Slovio uses -ic. Ido uses -ul as an abbreviation from the word "masculine" (and -in is an abbreviation from the word "feminine"). If we wanted to be inspired by this, we could use -uz' as an abbreviation from muz'.

 
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