The Trinity is late-fourth century, having been passed into law during the Nicene Council in C.E. 381. But the idea predates this and even predates Christianity, though in various forms. In other words, the Christians didn't invent it, they glommed it. And some say they butchered it, as well.
The concept of a Trinitarian godhead harkens from Egypt, and is also part of the Hindu godhead. Both cultures had heavily influenced Roman thought by the time the Trinitarian disputes came about, but by then, Egypt was an important center of Christian power. To try to develop a Trinitarian concept of deity from Hebrew Scripture is a stretch, at best, and even to develop it from Christian scripture is sketchy. When Erasmus published his New Testament, people objected that it did not have any passages which teach the Trinity, so he introduced, on very flimsy evidence, I John 5:7:
For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.
Only the King James versions retain this passage without comment: the rest relegate it to footnotes.Another passage that is used to bolster the Scriptural basis for the doctrine of the Trinity is Matthew 28:20:
Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost
This really says nothing about a Trinity, but merely mentions three names. Like the other New Testament writers, Matthew was not very precise in this or any other concept. This precision came later. Other baptismal formulae instruct Christians to baptize in the name of Jesus, and some sects use this parallel to teach that Jesus is the Father and the Holy Ghost, that there is no Trinity.
Before the Nicene Councils consolidated The Dogma Of The One True Faith, Christian ideas along these lines were extremely varied. Many Christian sects, most notably the Christadelphians,Christian Science, Jehovahs Witnesses, Mormonism - (The Community of Christ, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Arian Catholicism, Unitarianism, Oneness Pentecostals, United Church of God -reject the Trinity. In fact, their materials are as good as any when trying to balance the pro-Trinity arguments of the so-called orthodox Christians. But contrary to what they say (and the Trinitarians, as well), there was no real consensus and nothing resembling precision on this or any other matter during the first few centuries of the Church.
P.S.
Every man should be mentally honest. He should preserve as his most precious jewel the perfect
veracity of his soul. He should examine all questions presented to his mind, without prejudice-unbiased, preconceived opinions, hatred, contempt, disdain, are the enemies of truth and progress. His object and his only object should be to find the truth. He should weigh the evidence, the arguments, in honest scales-scales that passion or interest cannot change. If it be good for man to find the truth -- good for him to be intellectually honest and hospitable,
then it is good for others to know the truths thus found. Truth is the mother of joy. Truth civilizes, ennobles, and purifies. The grandest ambition that can enter the soul is to know the truth.
Nothing but falsehood needs the assistance. The wise, the really honest and intelligent, are not swayed or governed by numbers - by majorities.
http://www.thercg.org/books/ttigtio.html?cid=g0211&gclid=CL-N7fzv8Y4CFRGCGgodOD5gDQ#ch2
=B-nl5adjqZw&feature=relatedhttp://cfmin.wordpress.com/2007/06/11/trinity-hinduism-the-nicene-council/
http://www.uuff.org/fs_castellio.shtml
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPLgjFxfVb4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm5dm7HGGsU&feature=related