(1) Actual spring or ram force to compress can be found by the formula and force required upon the lever (barrel or cocking lever); positio
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml;
(2) 1:16 twist the most common rate used;
(3) Volume of air in a piston gun is only a portion of how the system works. Piston powered guns generate large amounts of heat. The heat causes the air to expand, often dieseling is the source of powering the pellet but, in a properly tuned and lubed gun, the heated expanded air acts alone. Refer to "Stoichiometry".
Before you jump right on in, and get hurt possibly, be sure to ask any and all questions when a bump comes along.
"The majority of things in our lives are created by folks no smarter than the rest. Afterall, the world is comprised, and operated by C average people intellctually, academically, and morally. These people are often the great pioneers that set the precedent for what excellence should be."
