This article is concerning the counter-invasion campaign between Chinese Qing Dynasty Court with the invading imperial powers (Britain and Prussia) in XinJiang, A.D. 1876-1878.
Preface
A.D. 1865, Agubo, a military head of HuaHaun Khan Kingdom in Central Asia, invaded southern XinJiang, under Imperial Britain aids. Then in A.D. 1871, Prussia sent in army occupying Eli area of XinJiang. Within the period, China just settled the civil war with the pro-Christianity ideologists, The Kingdom of Heavenly Peace. The Chinese court debated on whether allocating resources on building a stronger navy, thus to seek diplomatic venue to the invasions from inner lands; or dealing with the land based invasions first, so to swiftly dealing with the invader forces in XinJiang . A.D. 1875, pro-army party won the favor of the Imperial throne, thus 4 months later a Chinese marshal arrived at the door of XinJiang. 70,000 troops assigned to retake XinJiang.
The Campaign
A.D. 1876, Apirl, Chinese General JonUya camped at the door way (no.1) of his first target ¡V Woorumuchi (no.2). At August, Chinese army received the reinforcement, under the guide of natives, Chinese army sneaked upon the Agubo¡¦s garrisons and assembled under the city wall of Wooruimuchi (no.2). With canons blasted, the wall gave out away for the Chinese army charging in. About 500 enemies killed, with the city in hand next day. The heads of the occupying forces (Agubo and Gaun Islamic Militia Coalition) fled south toward Turofan (no. 9).
The Chinese army assigned about half of army for safeguard Wooruimuchi (no.2) from Agubo¡¦s counter-attacks. The rest of the Chinese forces advanced westward to ChanJi (no.3), Whotubi (no.4), Manath (no. 5). The cities and the north city of Manath (no.5) were captured without a fight, but the south city of Manath (no.6) was under siege for months. The Chinese army received the reinforcement from Wooruimuchi (no.2) and the Chinese garrison forces originally in the Eli area of XinJiang which was then occupied by Prussia. On November, 6th, the south city of Manath (no.6) fell from the siege.
A.D. 1877, Apirl, Chinese army advanced toward Turofan (no. 9) in three routes. The Wooruimuchi (no.2) defensive force poured toward Daibuan (no.7). The general JonUya made his way from HaMi (no. A) westward to Turofan (no. 9). A fresh Chinese reinforcement arrived at Baliquan (no. B) marching out to joint general JonUya¡¦s force. JonUya¡¦s and his reinforcement attacked BiJan (no. 8) and Turofan (no.9). The head of the British-aid invading force, Agubo took command over his army in Kooura (no.11), wishing spreading his line along Mount Tan.
On 17th, Apirl, the army from Wooruimuchi (no.2) lighted on Daibuan (no.7). Two days later, about 1000 Agubo¡¦s men killed in actions, 2000 taken alive; by the Chinese force from Wooruimuchi (no.2). The Wooruimuchi (no.2) force, which took Daibuan (no.7), spared a detachment to help out JonUya¡¦s venture on Turofan (no. 9). The throngs of Wooruimuchi (no.2) force marched toward Tokushin (no. 10), which¡¦s defending force abandoned the city, and fled westward. The other route of Chinese force now sunk BiJan (no. 8).
Turofan (no. 9) and its occupying force left behind by Agubo¡¦s general. Agubo committed suicide in Kooura (no.11) in the end of May. Agubo¡¦s second son took his father¡¦s body and fled. Burk Huli, a son of Agubo, successed Agubo¡¦s kingship in Kazakhstan by killing his brother who brought back his father¡¦s body.
A.D. 1877, August, the Chinese army advanced on with the helps of the natives oppressed by Agubo. By the middle of October, Anse (no. 12), Kuju (no.13), Akusue (no. 14), Wuzi (no. 15), recaptured. The Kazakhstan king¡¦s last strongholds in Chinese XinJiang Kashagara (no. 16), Engishara (no. 17), Yarjin, Hatan (no. 18), under leadership of the former Chinese general who surrendered when Agubo invaded now revolted against the rulership from Kazakhstan. In December, 1877, the Chinese army confronted Burk Huli. Burk Huli fled with his defeated army into Prussia.
Hatan (no. 18) came back to Chinese rule on January 2nd, 1878, when the Qing army sacked it.
The Eli area of XinJiang returned to China from Prussia with diplomatic venue.
Article Map Article Map Article Map
Note:
- Writing out of my lay research.
- Not intending bringing up any hate.
- Just Sharing History Research
- I am Jewish + Muslim + Christian + Atheist