Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic

Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter

1. Chapter One's "The New York Times Fires Jayson Blair"

* Summary:

* List of questions:

* List of observations:

* Proposing Problem solving strategies:

Topics


House Approves Move to Outlaw Flag Burning

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/flag_burning;_ylt=AqgQj1JFp_1N3p1kj9YbY8EDW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl

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DISSENTING VIEWS

http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/flagdissent.htm

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Flag Desecration Chronology

http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/dchrono.htm

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Againts

http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/dpr50008.htm

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The Importance of Protecting the Flag

http://www.house.gov/hostettler/Issues/Hostettler-issues-1999-06-30-protecting-the-flag.htm

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Flag Protection Act of 2005 (Introduced in House)

http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?c109:1:./temp/~c109puYPfy::

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Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005 (Introduced in House)

http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?c109:2:./temp/~c109puYPfy::

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Democrats Fear GOP Push on Flag-Burning

http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20050623/ap_on_go_co/politics_of_the_flag_2

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House approves flag-burning amendment

http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/06/22/congress.flagburning.ap/index.html?section=cnn_latest

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Flag burning ban run up pole, again

http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/nation/3237345

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Flag-burning amendment is rekindled

http://www.dailystar.com/dailystar/news/81064.php

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Extras

http://www.esquilax.com/flag/index2.html

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Thune to introduce flag amendment (an article from the Aberdeen News)

http://www.esquilax.com/flag/2005-03-05_South_Dakota_Thune_aberdeennews.pdf

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House approves flag-burning amendment; uphill battle seen in Senate

http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/aplocal_story.asp?category=6420&slug=Flag%20Burning

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House Passes Anti-Flag Burning Bill Sponsored By Beset Congressman

http://www.themoderatevoice.com/posts/1119505045.shtml

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House: New try on flag burning

http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2818397

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Senate battle set after flag-burning ban passes House

http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2005/06/23/senate_battle_set_after_flag_burning_ban_passes_house/

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Flag Burning Amendment is a Terrible Idea

http://theyellowline.blogspot.com/2005/06/flag-burning-amendment-is-terrible.html

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63% oppose flag-burning amendment, new survey shows

http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=15418

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Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 1 (Institutional Pressures)
Article - "The New York Times Fires Jayson Blair"


* Summary: This article is centered on Jayson Blair who was New York Times reporter. What this reporter did was he abused his reporter status by taking information from other reporters and presenting them as his own. Interesting thing is that he was hired although from the beginning it was noticeable that there were inaccuracies in his compositions. New York Times management doesn't appear to had been actively involved in the daily activities of New York Times reporters. As a result of not being involved we can find explanation why such an individual would have been active in New York Times ranks for a such a long time before being 'discovered?. The only reason he was discovered is because another newspaper reacted to one of his stolen stories and this particular newspaper was the party that this newspaper reporter involved by stealing information from them and presenting it as his own.


* List of questions: Interesting thing is that he was hired although from the beginning it was noticeable that there were inaccuracies in his compositions. Other question that arises is that it took such a long time for him to get fired. It basically took another newspaper to bring the activities of the mentioned reporter to New York Times for New York Times to react and this raises a question of just how involved is New York Times management in the activities of their staff.


* List of observations: Observation that I can note is that New York Times doesn't appear concerned with the moral caliber of the reporters they have as much as they are concerned with the ratings such reporters might bring. Thus as long as they see the potential that such given recruit can bring in higher ratings is what appears to be the primary an perhaps only major considerations that New York Times management might be considered with.


* Proposing Problem solving strategies: There are two ways with which this particular problem could be solved. First problem solving solution would be created by imposing all the new reporter recruits to take lie detectors as a condition to taking the job. Another solution I find in having New York Times management take a more active role in what exactly are these repeaters publishing. Since I firmly believe that newspaper publishing is primarily a business and its management will do anything that will double the ratings
that any ethical considerations are almost unwelcome there.





Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Two (Chapter's name: Truth Telling)
Article "Fabrications at the Globe"


* Summary: This article deals with similar problem as did the previous article that I had already covered. This article thus deals with the problem of fabricating stories or plagiarizing. One of the affected parties here was even a big name such as George Carlin. Again, like in a previous article, it took pressure for some of the individuals to come forth and admit their wrong doings. It is interesting to note that one of the persons involved here is even an award winning columnist.


* List of Questions: My question is how such individuals can be even hired. Considering the fact that the persons that are hiring these individuals are more the likely doing their job for a while are they aware or rather indifferent to what kind of unethical personnel are they adding to their working staff. Another question is how effective is the hiring method in filtering out unethical individuals since it appears that this might not even be one of the major considerations for the hiring people..


* List of observations: As I mentioned before the individual at hand are easily prone to resorting to unethical methods in order to help out with the ratings of their articles. Here, like in a previous article, it took quite some time for these unethical workers to be discovered. Primary reason they were discovered appears to be some sort of pressure rather then genuine need to maintain ethical standards.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: Same as in the previous article which I will repeat since they do concern this article. There are two ways with which this particular problem could be solved. First problem solving solution would be created by imposing all the new reporter recruits to take lie detectors as a condition to taking the job. Another solution I find in having Globe management take a more active role in what exactly are these repeaters publishing. Since I firmly believe that newspaper publishing is primarily a business and its management will do anything that will double the ratings that any ethical considerations are almost unwelcome there











Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Three ("Reporters and Sources")
Article - "Stolen Voice Mail"


* Summary: This articles deals with the manner in which an investigation done by Cincinnati's Enquirers reporter Mike Gallagher was performed. The focus of the investigation was Chiquita International Inc. whom the reporter accused of conducting many unethical practices as well as endangering the natural environment. The focus of the story is that some of ways in which this investigation was done was deemed as unethical according to the letter of the law and according to the way in which Kant would view things. Also there was giving up one of the sources by M.G.


* List of Questions: Question that arises is what is fundamentally more important protecting or helping protect the natural environment and unethical abuses performed by big corporations (thus which are already acting in criminal capacity from a universal moral standpoint) or protecting these same corporations from such menace that would, God forbid, make them at least reconsider what is it that they are doing and in the manner in which they are doing it in.


* List of observations: The major observation is that major corporations have the 'juice' (juice meaning; money, power, and influence) and not some reporter and this 'juice' (again meaning in this case money and power or rather influence that money can buy) is what prevails in this story and not some supposed unethical manner in which this investigation of corporate criminality was performed. Also source or one of these reporters' sources should not have been given up. This example is clearly showing us that there are no real universal ethical considerations here at hand but rather highly subjective (thus pseudo) ethical considerations.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: The manner in which this sort of problem can be solved (mind here that my perception of what constitutes a real problem here in this article might vary from another persons perception of what is the problem) is that big business need to be inspected on a regular basis by the government. Also there should be no secrets as to what big business does (especially when it concerns others as well) and this information should be reported to the public on a regular basis. If they are doing everything ethically then there is no worry for them on the other hand if they are not they should be held accountable for their actions.







Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 4 ('Social Justice')
Article - "Sexism and World Cup Soccer"


* Summary: This article deals with the manner in which the world cup soccer for females was viewed by the media (and I would add by vast majority of the world where woman is viewed still as a sexual object including to a larger extent US, here of course I am talking about the manner in which males might view females). The articles also showed us egalitarian attempts of the FIFA that would have banned players (whether males of females) from taking of their shirts after scoring or winning the game (a tradition in many parts of the world).


* List of Questions: Question that arises is whether it is even possible at this point of time to expect the sexism (that is deeply rooted) to just disappear over night or to expect it to perhaps wither away on a more gradual basis over time. I believe that the second option (or expecting sexist to wither away over a longer period of time or rather significantly decrease since it might be next to impossible to eliminate it fully) is the one that is the most logical consideration here since people are generally not overly open to big changes within their respective societies (unless some extreme conditions dictate the change such as revolutions or colonial invasions in which case much blood would be spilled for changes to take into affect).


* List of observations: Observation here is that females are (with a good reason) expecting that they should be treated as males in every aspect of egalitarianism. The only question that might pose as an obstacle here is whether males are ready to comply with this vision at this point. Also isn't it cultural imperialism trying to impose ones values on other populations or when the west does it then it is Ok and justifiable!


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: Unfortunately I think that such examples of sexism will remain at some point for a considerable time to come and I do not think that sexism will disappear in any near future (although western countries have decreased sexism remains an even bigger problem in non-western countries where for most part it is not even viewed as a problem). Can the males in many macho driven societies of the east and Latin America all of a sudden (out of need to comply something such as ?political correctness? imposed by the west) change their behavior from what is viewed as a male behavior ion their regions towards a more passive (feminine like) role. Will they want to (as they might perceive western men) ?feminize? themselves voluntarily or not.





Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter

Chapter Five's (Invasion of Privacy)
Article - "Privacy in Cyberspace"


* Summary: This articles deals with the ever increasing business on Internet whose primary objective is to collect information of unsuspecting individuals (and thus render their privacy as nonexistent) and to sell this information to other parties with utmost disregard who this other parties even are. The government has not started prosecuting such unethical actions (which in my opinion have the same ethical value as theft since what they in fact represent is stealing information since there is neither any consent or even awareness of the individuals at question) which are often performed by former government personnel such as former police detectives.


* List of Questions: Why does the government allows such activities over the Internet to continue and how can we truly call out society a free society if any one is free to invade our own privacy and with this to even endanger not only our freedom but even our very lives. Free society was meant to me freedom to a point that others rights are not being intruded upon or violated and thus protecting ones privacy falls under this equation. Thus question arises are we a free society only on paper.


* List of observations: Exactly what kind of ethics can possibly have former detectives that are now employed by these pesky unethical Internet agencies since they do not even care as to what kind of a person is the person that is receiving this data from them. In fact that is not even a consideration for them. Also how can our government allow such obvious abuse of our right as free citizens and at the same time call our country a free country. Exactly free of what, free of any privacy!


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: This can be solved in such a way that it should become illegal for such gathering of data (unless performed by government for a security reason) since there is no ethical justification as to dealing with peoples lives. In a free society such issue would not even exist since an option of dealing with private and often delicate information on peoples lives would never be allowed to be exchanged as if it was a stock on NASDAQ stock exchange unless this country doesn't see an individual as a human being but rather as a means to acquiring more wealth. Or perhaps I should not even ask that question in country whose economic system (Capitalism) is not even named after anything that related to human condition in fact not even to anything that related to human condition (in a sense that human as such would become the actual focus of attention). Thus one seeks a solution; find it in the system itself by giving it at least a more human face.



Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Six (Special Audiences)
Article - "The Vagina Dialogues"


* Summary: This article deals with the kind of billboards loaded with sexual connotations are which are easily viewable by any person in any given mid-sized American city. The billboards in question are equipped with messages that refer to now well known theater group called "The Vagina Dialogues? and whose center of attention is explicit, unrefined and crude comments on vagina.


* List of Questions: One basic question that arises is whether it is ethical for such billboards to appear in clear view of even children and generally people that might find such billboards offensive or at least in poor taste. If it is found unethical then why force such visions of crude sexuality on others that might not have any interest of viewing it.


* List of observations: Some of the observation that I have been able to come up with is that there are several different views relating to the nature of these billboards. Some people find them to be downright offensive and in poor taste. Other people believe that freedom of expression overrides ones biases or opinions and renders them unimportant in determining whether something should appear on the billboard. And there is a third form of opinions that are neither here nor there.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: Although people should be able to express themselves they should be able to do this without insulting other people or other peoples feelings since once this is done then freedom of expression seizes to be that and become a form of abuse. Also it should be taken into account what kind of neighborhood is the neighborhood where such billboards will appear and that local sensitivities would be taken into account as well. Finally considering the explicit nature of this show there should also be a graphic (in a strictly verbal sense) warning label since people should be warned in advance since what one views as 'art' another person might view the same thing as verbal garbage (to me personally there is only one forum of art, one I Call 'true art' and which is universally viewed as art and examples of this would be Roman sculptures or Renaissance paintings).








Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 7 (Persuasion in Advertising)
Article "Does Alcohol Advertising gets a Free Ride"



* Summary: This articles deals with the question whether there is a double standard in American society when it deals with how alcohol advertising is deal with and generally viewed. Many statistical data has been presented in the article that not only has found that it does gets indeed a free ride but that overall alcohol is a much bigger health hazard on American public's health then the tobacco can even be. For anyone who questions what I just stated here (this being a conclusion drown from after reading the article) at the end of the article columnist Krauthammer ask a question directed t an average reader something like this ?Would you want your child be rather a drunkard or an tobacco addict?.


* List of Questions: Major question that arises is how in a world can alcohol (especially after reading all the reasons presented in the article) be given a free ride instead of receiving at least as much of a legal scrutiny as tobacco does if not even more. Another question is are Americans so much in love with alcohol (thus controlled in this case by a form of halo affect) or do the alcohol companies have so much clout with government that allows for this free ride.


* List of observations: One observation is that here (like in many other businesses I have read about in those articles) there is no real ethical considerations only how to increase the bottom line. This can be explained by the fact that the brewers use every trick in the book to 'present' how there is no problem between alcohol on one side and the public on the other.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: Solution in this case is as clear as the brightest sky and that would be that instead of receiving free ride there should be at least as much of a legal scrutiny for alcohol as there is for tobacco if not even more. People should also be educated about the hazards about what exactly alcohol does by proving over Internet and other media types of information similar to the one found in the article. In fact that it makes sense that alcohol should receive the equal amount of scrutiny as the statistics suggest in its relation to death and other statistics versus tobacco.






Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Eight (How to Say It)
Article "Anorexic Chic"


* Summary: This article is called "Anorexic Chic" and it is about how media is pushing for the unhealthy and unrealistic skeletal image of an extremely skinny, bony girl and how this is supposed to be viewed as some kind of sex symbol. Article also states that woman centered media is practically bombarding women with weight loss advertisements (on average tenfold more then found in men centered media) and thus giving women early on a complex on their appearance.


* List of Questions: Why doesn't the government steps in an pressures this media houses to accept more realistic looking models (as proportionate to the overall population while of course not including in determination obese populations) and have some national doctor association state that this "Anorexic Chic" appearance is unhealthy and as a result should not be pressure on the populations via a way of media. Also Government can influence media and show that women with curves are more desirable in many other parts of the world (example is Spanish operas) as opposed to shapeless female skeletons that in many cases appear to be a step a way from starvation and thus death (and who in the right mind would view a women that looks almost dead as sexy).


* List of observations: Why are media houses allowing this kind of unhealthy and even perhaps racist (since only in oriental and Nordic countries is skinny, and what to me looks like underdeveloped child like body, considered beautiful) perception of how female body is supposed to look like. Is there some sort of organized manner in which this pressure id being performed (something I have long suspected) or is it of a more spontaneous nature.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: My problem solving strategies are identical to my list of questions. Government should step in and pressure the media houses to accept more realistic looking models (as proportionate to the overall population while of course not including in determination obese populations) and have some national doctor association state that this "Anorexic Chic" appearance is unhealthy and as a result should not be pressure on the populations via a way of media. Also Government should influence media and show that women with curves (who are found to be healthier as well as more attractive in just about every other region outside of Nordic and Oriental regions) are more desirable in many other parts of the world (example is Spanish operas) as opposed to shapeless female skeletons that in many cases appear to be a step a way from starvation and thus death (and who in the right mind would view a women that looks almost dead as sexy).



Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 9 (Media Considerations):
Article - "The None-Advertising-Free Internet-In Search of a Balance"


* Summary: This article deals with the fact that Internet is being bombarded with all the different kind of advertisements. There are several kinds of advertisements ranging from banner ads (which people find less annoying) to very annoying pop up ads. A new generation of adds is even more annoying of pop up adds and those are called 'kick troughs' and which are even more peskier then pop ups. Subscription to a given service would of course eliminate ads from occurring but without this subscription the ads are here to stay.


* List of Questions: Why are the Internet sites and whoever makes adds sticking with annoying pop-ups and why doesn't the government make the pop-ups and the new kind an illegal form of adds since they are the most frequent way computer viruses are loaded up in the computer. Thus considering the last thing I wrote why they would be allowed if they endanger the very functionality of PCs the very thing that enables as viewers to be on the PC.


* List of observations: It is easy to observe that the ads are becoming more and more complex and pose more and more of a threat to our PCs and that multitude of new and more dangerous commuter viruses are being loaded unto our PCs via such ads such as pop-ups and new forms of ads. Actually question is why should there even be ads on Internet, medium which was supposed to always remain free as it was supposed to be used for exchanging ideas.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: From an economical point of view I can understand why there is a need for Internet advertisement so I will approach this problem from this position. Now considering that there is a need to such ads I will state which ads I consider acceptable and which not. Banner ads I consider fully acceptable and the only form that should be allowed. All other forms would be deemed as illegal by the US and other governments. There is absolutely no justification (whether economical and certainly not ethical) why pop-ups and related pesky ads should be allowed to exist on the net.








Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Tenth (Public Communication)
Article - "A Campaign Pioneer"


* Summary: This article deals with explaining and giving example of how fund raising for political campaigns functions. Basically the article shows us that the most money one has then more influence one can exert and this article is trying to mask with pseudo ethics. The manner in which the article is trying to mask this is by saying that, even though money is the major consideration that other parties can always poll their resources together to counter other parties. 'Pioneers' is a title for ones whom were able to collect at least 100,000$ for Bush Camp during elections while 'Rangers' did double that.


* List of Questions: How can it be considered ethical that most money one has then more influence one can exert by using logic such as that even though money is the major consideration that other parties can always poll their resources together to counter other parties. The problem will arise when one of the two parties will always have more money then the other and thus it is ultimately money that is the major consideration of ones worth in this sort of ridiculous and unfair environment.


* List of observations: The people with real power here and in this country in general (and this article is a perfect example of this) are the two percent of the population that owns over three quarters of the nations wealth. From among the poll of this minuscule ruling minority all the government official are selected therefore what some call land of the free is in reality land of the disillusioned guided by billionaires.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: Solution to this is by like I said earlier modifying the existing system by giving it a more human form. Or perhaps I should not even ask that question in country whose economic system (Capitalism) is not even named after anything that related to human condition in fact not even to anything that related to human condition (in a sense that human as such would become the actual focus of attention). Thus one seeks a solution; find it in the system itself by giving it at least a more human face. If this proves too hard then scrape outmoded capitalist system with social democracy as it exists in Canada or Europe. Perhaps it is not the most perfect system there is into existence but it certainly beats Capitalism hands down in number of things (especially in having a vastly more humanistic nature to it).






Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter Eleven (Telling the Truth in Org. Settings)
Article - "A Web of Caring"


* Summary: This article deals in the way Swissair and Delta handled sharing bad news with those people who were affected by the crashes these two airlines experienced. The manner in which this accidents were handled were professional, courteous and yet done in a human face. The consideration of the families involved in the crashes was given a high priority and that is something that should always be saluted by anyone reading this. Both airlines made numerous and diversified efforts to please or at least decrease the pain that families might have felt have take into consideration even those who were indirectly impacted such as fisherman in Nova Scotia.


* List of Questions: One question is, considering the utmost professional manner in which this problem was handled, have these two companies done some sort of preparations for such events in advance. Another question is whether these two companies might have had similar problems earlier that would have made them more acutely aware of the possible problems that might arise from similar problems.


* List of observations: I must say again that the manner in which this two accidents were handled was done in a most professional and efficient manner that one can think of (at least at this particular moment). The management is very effective of these two companies and the workers were also more then involved in trying to help the involved families with the pain they might have felt.



* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I would have acted in similar manner that these two companies have acted and in addition I would add that I would have given the families lump sum of money in assistance as a result of the airplane accidents. Preventing an accident such as this from ever occurring is a totally different manner and one that is perhaps next to impossible to do while on the other hand it is more then possible to make preparations for the unfortunate when it happens. It is more then clear that the two companies such as Delta and Swissair did exactly that.









Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 12 (Conflicting Loyalties)
Article - "A New Client"


* Summary: This article deals with account executive by the name of Bill who works in a advertising agency. Bill has personal issues with alcohol ever since he was a child whose parent was a recovering alcoholic. The problem arose when he was given a new client that was a winery that wanted Bill to represent it. Although Bill has his doubts about representing this company the compromise was that he will work on the image as a tourist attraction rather then concentrate on the wine aspect.


* List of Questions: First question I would come up with is how can someone why is in advertising field afford to have strong personal beliefs that might influence their decisions as to whether they will accept a certain client or not. Advertising field is much like selling field thus it consists of attempting to present something in a manner that might convince a consumer to buy it. If a person has strong emotional feelings about a certain topic this in turn might make one less rational and thus less logical when dealing with such a topic. Not to mention such individuals would present themselves as being practically a liability to the agency since they are limited as to what companies they can work with.


* List of observations: Some of the observations that I was able to notice is that Bill is very much opposed to advertising alcohol although he is not opposed to working closely with someone who does. Bill is creative and was able to improvise and find a solution so he would not lose this client. Apart from what I have already mentioned Bill believes or attempts to present himself as an ethical person which it appears to be the case at the first glance but that fact that he is not opposed to working closely with someone who will advertise alcohol brings me only to the conclusion that Bill has a negative halo effect towards alcohol that would prevent him from doing the advertising for wine in an effective manner and this he is aware of.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: When it comes to fields such as advertising and sales then I believe that the people (in order to be effective in such fields) need to not dwell much on ethical issues (as they frequently do not) but on effectiveness of their job performance. If advertisers would only concentrate on advertising the things they might or do agree with then might be more times out of business then not. After all any given business is not necessarily about being ethical (as long as it does not cross into illegal) but about being profitable.





Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 13 (The Demand of Social Responsibility)
Article - "Pepsi Challenged by Rumors"



* Summary: This article deals with the manner in which Pepsi dealt with the accusation that was raised against Pepsi in the summer of 1993. The accusation was that the needles were found in some of the soda cans. What Pepsi managed to after hearing about these rumors that spread to accusations was to confront th problem head on. It contacted FDA, it disseminated four video news releases that showed the canning process and this was followed by the initial arrest for false accusation against Pepsi which was innocent against the charges.


* List of Questions: The question is how come someone gets the idea to accuse Pepsi of a syringe being found in the open can and whether the first case might have been accurate or not or whether it was simply a case of good imagination going at work. Another question that comes up was whether the media was guilty for this story becoming copycat-ed by other people that joined in anti Pepsi accusations.


* List of observations: The response conducted by Pepsi was superb and worth every praise. Pepsi could have just remained silent just as the article stated but instead it choose to fight for its honor by presenting their version of events and attempting to show that there was no way that a syringe could have been able to had found its way inside even one can.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I believe that the among the best problem solving strategies when similar situations arise (and generally when it comes to legal system and thus eliminating a need for the most unethical of them all, Lawyers) is simply using at least five different most efficient lie detectors. The reason I would rely on them so much is although they might not be 100 % accurate (instead around 99 %) on the other hand considering that humans are nowhere near 100% accurate (do to their emotional side which blinds them from seeing reality from exactly what it is) then in such case lie detector would be much more accurate then any given jury.







Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 14 (Violence)
Article - "Comic Capers"



* Summary: This article deals with a new reality that appears to be making its way inside of what the youngsters are reading when it comes to comic books. It has been always a fact that there was always action contained within comic books in order to capture the attention of the young viewers but it can be argued that such action (of course, part of which would have been some dose of violence albeit under controlled doses). What appears to be the case lately (meaning over a longer period of time) is that many comics are practically lace with violence which seems to be their primary them.


* List of Questions: The first question is why government would allow such aggressive and violence ridden comics in the market in the first place. Question that would follow this one is exactly how will this impact newer generations. Question that would follow the preceding question is will newer generation of comics going to become even more violent as the trend appears to suggest and how will this impact on the psyche of youngsters reading them


* List of observations: As I have stated earlier the trend appears to be that the comics are becoming more and more violent. In fact some of the examples that have been presented in the article can be classified as outright psycho. It appears that the comic book producers (even the government is indifferent) are rather indifferent as far as what kind of psychological effect which such psycho comics have on the youngsters reading them.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I believe that the among the best problem solving strategies would be to stop such crazy comics from reaching the eyes of youngsters since they can only have an negative impact on them and certainly not an educational one. The persons behind publishing such things need to be removed from working in such field as well and even perhaps evaluated for any possible psychotic defects as it appears to be the case. Parents also need to be more vigilant as far as what exactly are the kinds of comics that their kids are reading. This subject is rather very important since there is nothing more important then what kind of influences is being projected on our kids.





Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 15 (Profits, Wealth, and Public Trust)
Article - "Virtual Whitewash"



* Summary: This article deals with the trend where in the fall of 1999 the TV programming was scheduled to include mainly programming which will feature primarily white actors. Thus the complaint is that there is no bigger participation of minorities in the programming for that particular fall. The complaint came from the leader of NAACP, who goes by the name of Kweisi Mfume. He wanted the minorities to be represented according to the percentages in the national census (which would approximately secure for them at least ¼ of all the actors positions) or basically another form of affirmative action at hand.


* List of Questions: The question is how can one not understand that programming we see on TV will represent not only demographics of population that views them as well as affinity with the TV producers but even more importantly the segments of the viewing public that has the most financial say in what is to be viewed. Again, the system we live in is one where capital or return on capital is the primary motivation and not social justice and the question is are all aware of this fact.


* List of observations: The one observation is that TV producers have a very big saying as far as what kind of programming the public will be viewing and considering that vast majority (according to the article) appears to be white it is only natural for those to make programming to cater primarily to whites (who are not only an overwhelming majority but by far possess the most of nation's wealth).


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I believe that the among the best problem solving strategies is that programming should be tailored according to the viewing public and that of course is the most democratic manner and most reasonable manner when it comes to the bottom line. Of course it is to be expected that if one given region would prefer (for example predominantly black Detroit with for example 'Martin') viewing one specific programming that they deem as most interesting that (considering there is a financial incentive) that such programming should be showed. If certain aspects of this are viewed as not fair by some then what can I say but hey the life is not fair either, all we can do alter this a bit to make it appear more fair but then again what one views as fair the other might not.




Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 16 (Media Scope and Depth)
Article - "Bigotry as Entertainment"



* Summary: This article deals with the fact that some comedians use forms of bigotry to entertain their audiences. One of these performers of comedy goes by the name of Andrew Dice Clay. This particular comedian is seen as particularly sexist and thus understandably found offensive by much of his female audience and females in general. The fact than there is a need for him or rather the fact that he still performs can be explained that there is still many males that find his kind of comedy as entertaining.
Last but not least is the fact that this individual has stated on numerous occasions that he is only acting when he is doing his comedy but still much of the female audience find it in poor taste.


* List of Questions: The question is there a need to censor such acts of comedy from appearing but if so will that diminish the aspects of democracy. If someone who find this insulting is viewing this question is why? I certainly would not view something that I know in advance would offend me.


* List of observations: It appears to be a fact that there are many males that find this form of comedy as entertaining and this fact is the reason why such comedians are still around. Considering that this is just an act and simply words I truly do not see what the big deal is. I mean if we are to respect the freedom of speech. On the other hand if we are finding ways to restrict it then that becomes another issue.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I believe that the among the best problem solving strategies is for persons that find what Clay states as offensive to stop viewing this kind of entertainment. I certainly would never view some female comedian that is acting as a feminist since I would not fins such thing as funny but on the other hand I would not want to have her stopped or forced to stop from performing. As I said there will be many things that one person might find as entertaining and another as offensive and people will just have to get used to that if they haven't gotten used to it already . Words do not hurt people, actions do.







Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Summary of one case per chapter


Chapter 17 (Censorship)
Article - "Frontal Assault"



* Summary: This article deals with one white nationalist internet site whose address is stormfront.org. This site is seen by many as openly racist site where racist messages are spread and perhaps means of influencing young minds to move in a direction of hate of different races or different cultures. This person who is behind of this site goes by te name of Don Black and this individual has been part of various racist pro-white organization and have managed to create such a popular internet site that has a relatively large viewer following.


* List of Questions: The question is whether it would be counterproductive to close such site and considering it is internet can such site even be closed since (considering the number of loyal viewers) another internet provider in another country might be happy to serve as home servers for such site. If the site is not proven to be behind any kind of physical abuse and only serves as means of people expressing their opinion is it even ethical (considering the logic behind freedom of speech)


* List of observations: I have visited this site before on several occasions and I must agree with what was stated by Janice that this site is not racist as much it is about white pride (and mind this comes from a person, being myself, that views myself as member of Mediterranean race and feels no affinity towards anything that has 'white' in front of it) also I must state that the members who go there for most part act in a civil manner and express themselves in a civil manner.


* Proposing Problem solving Strategies: I believe that the best problem solving strategy in this particular case is to leave this site alone since I (simply put) do not see any problem anywhere when it comes to this site. Yes there is a site where many people who are filled wit hate come and try to find sympathetic ears for their opinions but since it is done manly in civil manner and represents only freedom of expression I see no problem. Also if one is to close this type of site there would be loads of other nationalist types of sites that should also be closed and that would represent pure form of censorship. Expressions of hate should be answered in a meaningful and constructive manner so such message would lose any ethical and logical quality to it.

Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Panel (going solo) - Reflective Review
Subject: Flag Burning

Introduction

Informational:
A) Frequently-Asked Questions About Flag Desecration and the Flag Burning Page


The page is part of http://www.esquilax.com which is a site of Esquilax Productions which produces "Decent-looking graphics". Back to topic. Topic covers questions such as "So. . is flag burning legal or not?"(Technically yes), "Well, what about using the flag for commercial purposes?",(again YES) "How many flags are burned every year?", (officially 7 per year) "I have a debate coming up. What are the big arguments to use?", (read them) "My teacher won't let me use a web site as a source unless I can prove the writer is an expert. What are your qualifications?", (read bellow) "Is there a bias on the site?", (YES, pro flag burning site) "How do I cite your web page in my bibliography?", (Info provided on the site) "How can I contact Gregory "Joey" Johnson?" ( also info provided also "Johnson, political activist and writer, is the national spokesperson for the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade, and is organizing in South Central Los Angeles.")

source:

http://www.esquilax.com/flag/faq.html

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News:
1) House Approves Move to Outlaw Flag Burning

In the article "House Approves Move to Outlaw Flag Burning", which is written by Laurie Kellman, who is an Associated Press Writer (article is dated to Wed June 22, 2005), it is stated in the article's introduction that a constitutional amendment that focuses on flag burning has gone through the House (in 286-130 voting outcome in its favor)on Wednesday and it has still to go to Senate where it will face an uphill battle. Associated Press's informal survey suggested that it doesn't have enough Senate votes to go through. The people who support it use 9/11 as excuse since they are sensing a right time to manipulate human emotions for their ends. people on the other side of the argument see it (with a good reason as a threat to free speech. As far as the history of such move is concerned this particular amendment has a purpose to overturn a 5-4 Supreme Court ruling that occurred in 1989 that stated that "flag burning is a protected free-speech right." That ruling in turn threw out an earlier 1968 federal statute as well as flag-protection laws in 48 states. The law was created as a response to anti-Vietnam War protesters whose many activities included , among others, burning of American flags at demonstrations. The Senate could be considering the measure as early as next month.

source

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/flag_burning;_ylt=AqgQj1JFp_1N3p1kj9YbY8EDW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl

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Politics:
2A) Pro-amendment

Pro-amendment can be found in article found in http://www.house.gov/ site which is official Internet site for U.S. House of Representatives. Article with the pro-stand views can be found in section called judiciary democrats and article is called "DISSENTING VIEWS". The pro-stand views summarized state that the problem of flag burning can not be viewed as quantitative problem (because it doesn't occur often at all) but as a qualitative problem and it is stated that even one case of flag burning endangers the interests of this country. One government official ("In subcommittee hearings on H.J. Res. 33, House Judiciary Committee Chairman Hyde" ) went so far to compare the flag burning to "hate crimes," without seeing it at all as " free speech deserving of protection." In conclusion proponents of this amendment ask themselves , "What sort of country permits its flag to be destroyed in protest by its own citizens?" "

source

http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/flagdissent.htm

--------

Politics:
Anti amendment

Anti amendment position can be found in article found in http://www.house.gov/ site which is official Internet site for U.S. House of Representatives. Article with the Counter position can be found in section called judiciary democrats and article is called "DISSENTING VIEWS". Counter position views summarized state that the American flag should be honored for "the tangible ideals of freedom and democracy that gave rise to it as well as for its richness as a symbol" that basically First Amendment should be honored rather then legally violated. It is stated that three questions we should ask ourselves before such a drastic move is made (drastic considering that " Over more than 200 years, our Constitution has been amended only 27 times."). First, "is the problem of flag desecration(1) so pervasive and so incapable of regulation as to require a constitutional amendment? We answer this question in the negative". Second, "even if a single instance of flag desecration poses some harm to our national interests, does that possible consequence justify censoring our citizens out of symbolic expressions of disagreement with their government? We answer this question in the negative, as we would warn against joining the ranks of tyrannical nations." Finally, "does the precise language of this measure achieve its stated goals of fostering national unity and keeping our political discourse civil? We again answer in the negative and point out that past efforts to protect the flag by force of criminal penalty have actually instigated flag burning."

source

http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/flagdissent.htm

_______________


Politics:
2B) Anti amendment


Anti amendment position can be found in article found in http://www.house.gov/ site which is official Internet site for U.S. House of Representatives. Article with the Anti amendment position and its summarizing quotes : " (From: Washington, D.C.) In response to a poll released today by Republican proponents of a Constitutional amendment to prohibit flag burning, Rep. John Conyers, (D-MI), today challenged those findings, citing a 1995 Peter Hart poll which found that American support for a Constitutional amendment prohibiting flag burning plummeted from 52% to 37% when they found out that it would be the first amendment in our nation's history to restrict the First Amendment freedoms of speech and expression. "The real news today is that once the American people really find out that this Constitutional Amendment would, for the first time, amend the Bill of Rights and restrict free speech freedoms, they are against it, overwhelmingly. And what's amazing is that like despots, we are restricting free speech for a non-problem. The First Amendment is designed to protect all forms of political symbolic speech, even speech that is unpopular. If we pass H.J. Res. 54, we will be no better than Castro's Cuba, which just last week forbade its citizens from wearing the American flag on clothing. I don't think that's the legacy we want to follow," remarked Conyers. In addition, said Conyers, "if we must do something about this"."


http://www.house.gov/judiciary_democrats/dpr50008.htm

______________


News:
3) Democrats Fear GOP Push on Flag-Burning


In the article "Democrats Fear GOP Push on Flag-Burning ", which is written by Ron Fournier, who is an Associated Press Political Writer (Thurs June 23, 2005), it is stated in the article's introduction that, and here I present a summarizing quote, "Symbols are everything in politics. They can get you elected — or defeated. That's why Democrats fear getting singed by a proposed flag-burning ban, forced into a vote that Republicans will cast as a test of patriotism. " Also " Democratic Party leaders generally don't want to tamper with free-speech rights in the Constitution, but they were split on whether to bow to political pressure. After all, the flag means more than ever after the 2001 terrorist attacks, and Republicans are not shy about evoking Sept. 11 in political fights." Also " But many Democrats say it's cowardly not to fight the ban, and are convinced they won't be punished by voters for doing so."

source

http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20050623/ap_on_go_co/politics_of_the_flag_2

______________

Analysis:
4) House Passes Anti-Flag Burning Bill Sponsored By Beset Congressman


In the article " House Passes Anti-Flag Burning Bill Sponsored By Beset Congressman" (article found on the site http://www.themoderatevoice.com/) "Joe Gandelman, political independent and moderate, comments on important stories
in the news.") The sites summary quotes are: " Once AGAIN some politicians in Congress have literally wrapped themselves in the American flag, passing yet another resolution to outlaw flag burning. You know: that issue that EVERYONE you know is upset about, that issue that everyone you know is clamoring for action on — that issue that Americans are talking about as they pay higher gas prices, watch the news about Iraq, and have their bags and their grandma's bags searched by TSA security agents at airports. We could write a nice, objective analysis here, except it'd skirt the bottom line issue so let's be blunt: This is an attempt by some to create an issue that is not an issue to most Americans. It is also clearly an attempt to create a "wedge issue" to use against those who vote against the amendment on the grounds that they feel it's not necessary or violates free speech. It's not about protecting a symbol that needs to be protected right now and that Americans demand be protected. It's about p-o-l-i-t-i-c-s. PURE and SIMPLE. ."

http://www.themoderatevoice.com/posts/1119505045.shtml

___________________________


News:
6) House: New try on flag burning

(mainly a pro-amendment article)

In the article "House: New try on flag burning", which is written by Thomas Burr, who is an The Salt Lake Tribune Writer (Thurs June 23, 2005), it is stated in the article's introduction that, and i quote, "The U.S. House on Wednesday passed a constitutional amendment banning flag desecration, advancing the proposal pushed by Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch, who puts the likelihood of Senate approval at "excellent. This year shows we have the best chance we've ever had," Hatch said Wednesday. While the House has passed the measure five times since 1995 in the run-up to the Fourth of July, the resolution has never received Senate approval. Hatch, who has 53 co-sponsors for his Senate version, will urge a vote later this summer. If passed by two-thirds of the Senate, 38 states must then ratify the amendment. ""

Source:

http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2818397

_______________________

Analysis:
7) Flag Burning Amendment is a Terrible Idea

Analysis of the Flag Burning Amendment conducted by "theyellowline" site (whose description quotes: "Walking Down the Middle of the Road... a former democrat and a former republican fighting to keep vibrant debate and centrist convictions alive".) Back to article. Summary quotes: "The Senate appears very close to having the votes to pass a Constitutional amendment banning flag desecration. If they do, the matter will move to the states for ratification. First of all, exactly what problem is this solving? Has there been a rash of flag burnings across America that we haven't heard about? The only flag burnings tend to take place in foreign countries. So, really, this amendment is purely symbolic. And that makes it all the more abhorrent. What are we saying? That we are so weak a nation as to be unable to handle the desecration of our flag? Does burning a flag in any way touch our freedoms, damage our democracy? The flag is a symbol and a great one but our flag is not our country. You could burn a thousand flags on the lawn of the White House and not a single piece of a single freedom would change." Also "But this amendment would touch our freedoms—not because anyone of us would ever dream of burning a flag but because true freedom requires wide boundaries. Because freedom of speech necessarily requires us to hear and see statements we hate." Also " Let’s not trash up our great Constitution with a pointless amendment. 65% of the American public think we don't need this amendment. I would hope that the Senate would be equally as wise."

http://theyellowline.blogspot.com/2005/06/flag-burning-amendment-is-terrible.html

______________________

Survey data and analysis:
8) 63% oppose flag-burning amendment, new survey shows

This is the article written by www.firstamendmentcenter.org or First Amendment Center Online ("Offers one-stop access to information about the First Amendment. Useful for students, teachers, journalists, lawyers and the general public."). Back to article. Summary quotes:"The number of Americans who oppose a constitutional amendment that would give Congress the power to punish flag-burning as protest is up sharply from 2004, according to a survey released today by the First Amendment Center. The “State of the First Amendment 2005” survey, conducted in May, shows: 63% of those sampled said the U.S. Constitution “should not be amended to prohibit burning or desecrating the American flag,” up from 53% in 2004 and the highest number against the proposed amendment since the annual survey began in 1997. 35% said the Constitution “should be amended” — down from 45% in 2004. " Also "Public support for an anti-flag desecration amendment has shifted up and down each year since a 49-49% split in 1997, but the 2005 survey’s 63-35% result is the widest division of opinion yet recorded in the center’s annual polling."

http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=15418


_______________________


My conclusion and opinion: It is clear (as far as I am considered) that the government (especially since 9/11) has been gradually moving in a more rightist (almost fascist like) direction. It is clear that any excuse and any shameless manipulation of people's emotion will be used to achieve the goal of the rightist elite. Some people are being fooled into thinking that flag burning should be made illegal (in a country that professes democracy and freedom of expression) and that in name of protecting the very same democracy and freedom we have to curtail the very same democracy and freedom. Sounds contradictory, well it is. In conclusion, just because someone is elected through democratic means it should be stated that it is no guarantee that this someone is democratic in nature or truly pro-democratic for if that was always the case Hitler would have never occurred (Hitler was elected in 1933 in democratic elections although never at the time fully disclosed his perceptions, ideas and plans which was later on to come) and hopefully it never will again.

Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Resource Briefing
Subject: Eminent Domain

The resource briefing I have selected is centered on eminent domain (which in United States law, eminent domain is the power of the state to appropriate private property for its own use without the owner's consent) and Connecticut. The article is from New York Times and here I will attempt to give summary of it as well as my opinion regarding this issue. In the article M. Jodi Rell stated on Friday that the Connecticut legislature should reconsider the state's eminent domain laws.

The issue at hand is centered on the city of New London with replacing a residential neighborhood with a private development. This warning is coming from Mrs. Rell, a republican (who are usually the ones on the side of such rulings since they represent bigger business primarily as opposed to representing regular people). Mrs. Rell issued a cautious response to the court ruling. This court ruling found economic development, not just blight removal, an appropriate use of the government's power of eminent domain. During 2004, the Connecticut Supreme Court upheld the use of eminent domain to take 15 homes in New London that were condemned in 2000 (The term "condemnation" is used to describe the act of a government exercising its authority of eminent domain.)

Robert M. Ward, a Republican who is the House minority leader, stated in the article that he was "deeply disappointed" by the court's ruling and that he will introduce legislation in the next session of the General Assembly in February to protect property owners from losing their homes or businesses in the name of economic development. Mr. Ward attempted to have a similar bill adopted in the last legislative session that would have removed the economic development provision from the state's eminent domain laws, allowing the government to seize only blighted property. He said Utah adopted a similar bill in March while the Connecticut bill died in committee. Mr. Ward stated that he federal ruling meant that modest homes and businesses can be uprooted for property that would add more money to city tax roles or that would be less of a burden on city services. "It's just lower-middle-class folks losing property for some shiny new project," he said. "That's just plain wrong." was stated by Robert M. Ward.

In conclusion I will state that such law is one unethical law that only serves the interests of bigger businesses and that no matter how one might mask this issue that this is the only logical conclusion one comes up with. This also, furthermore, also limits the rights of homeowners and abuses the original imminent domain (In the United States, the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution requires that just compensation be paid when the power of eminent domain is used, and requires that "public purpose" of the property be demonstrated) by allowing now bigger business ability to abuse it as well.

_____________






Source:

Rell Seeks Legislative Review of Ruling on Eminent Domain

By STACEY STOWE (New York Times)
Published: June 25, 2005

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/25/nyregion/25rell.html?ex=1120795200&en=a986a7c162c41fcd&ei=5070&oref=login

Subject: Ethics of Professional Communication
Professor: Linda Lopez
Student: Vlado Vukovic
Task: Resource Briefing
Subject: Eminent Domain

The resource briefing I have selected is centered on eminent domain (“which in United States law, eminent domain is the power of the state to appropriate private property for its own use without the owner's consent”, Wikipedia) and Connecticut. The article is from New York Times and here I will attempt to give summary of it as well as my opinion regarding this issue. In the article M. Jodi Rell stated on Friday that the Connecticut legislature should reconsider the state's eminent domain laws.

The issue at hand is centered on the city of New London with replacing a residential neighborhood with a private development. This warning is coming from Mrs. Rell, a republican (who are usually the ones on the side of such rulings since they represent bigger business primarily as opposed to representing regular people). Mrs. Rell issued a cautious response to the court ruling. This court ruling found economic development, not just blight removal, an appropriate use of the government's power of eminent domain. During 2004, the Connecticut Supreme Court upheld the use of eminent domain to take 15 homes in New London that were condemned in 2000 (The term "condemnation" is used to describe the act of a government exercising its authority of eminent domain.)

Robert M. Ward, a Republican who is the House minority leader, stated in the article that he was "deeply disappointed" by the court's ruling and that he will introduce legislation in the next session of the General Assembly in February to protect property owners from losing their homes or businesses in the name of economic development. Mr. Ward attempted to have a similar bill adopted in the last legislative session that would have removed the economic development provision from the state's eminent domain laws, allowing the government to seize only blighted property. He said Utah adopted a similar bill in March while the Connecticut bill died in committee. Mr. Ward stated that he federal ruling meant that modest homes and businesses can be uprooted for property that would add more money to city tax roles or that would be less of a burden on city services. "It's just lower-middle-class folks losing property for some shiny new project," he said. "That's just plain wrong." was stated by Robert M. Ward.

In conclusion I will state that such law is one unethical law that only serves the interests of bigger businesses and that no matter how one might mask this issue that this is the only logical conclusion one comes up with. This also, furthermore, also limits the rights of homeowners and abuses the original imminent domain (“In the United States, the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution requires that just compensation be paid when the power of eminent domain is used, and requires that "public purpose" of the property be demonstrated”, Wikipedia) by allowing now bigger business ability to abuse it as well. Let’s ask ourselves a question just how exactly can a ‘free’ man be in a ‘free’ country if he is not even safe in his own home from something called ‘eminent domain’ and on top of that now this excuse for abuse is being extended towards bigger businesses. What a potential predicament to be in, if you are a common man that is.




_____________

News Source:

Rell Seeks Legislative Review of Ruling on Eminent Domain

By STACEY STOWE (New York Times)
Published: June 25, 2005

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/25/nyregion/25rell.html?ex=1120795200&en=a986a7c162c41fcd&ei=5070&oref=login

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Eminent Domain Legal Info Source:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page