Even i : a poor amateur can show several proofs. The following is one of these.

In outer space, a mirror is reflecting a star light. When mirror moves along the light path, the formula : lightspeed = frequency x wavelength changes as follows (at view point of the mirror).
About reflected light.
Frequency & wavelength change. Lightspeed is unchangeable.
About incident light.
Frequency & lightspeed change. Wavelength is unchangeable.

http://www.geocities.co.jp/Technopolis/2561/eng.html

It's like "The King's New Cloths" or "Snow White". "Principle of Constancy of Light Velocity" (to observer) is wrong unquestionably.

Error (invalidity) of this "Principle" (to observer) seems to be an open secret among not a few professionals. But none talks about. Because problem is too big (and too absurd), i think (Editors of journals may pretend not to recognize my letter). Fortunately, my web-site entered into Google's directory (physics > relativity > alternative) last year.

Following words are not seen in book on relativity. "Orbis", "speed gun", "wave number" or "extinction". It's not a little things. Never !! (There may be many other unfairness and irrationality)

Nakayama
again I agree.
This comes from by blog.
http://aaronsreality.blogspot.com

Speed of light is a variable

Citationhttp://www.rpi.edu/dept/phys/Dept2/APPhys1/optics/optics/node4.html
Cite DJ Wagner at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

The speed of light has a maximum velocity of 2.99792458 x 10^8 m/s in a vacuum.

The index of refraction of some common materials are given below.
material n material n
Vacuum 1 Crown Glass 1.52
Air 1.0003 Salt 1.54
Water 1.33 Asphalt 1.635
Ethyl Alcohol 1.36 Heavy Flint Glass 1.65
Fused Quartz 1.4585 Diamond 2.42
Whale Oil 1.460 Lead 2.6
Values of n come from the CRC Handbookof Chemistry and Physics


v = c/n
Where
v = velocity of light through the medium
c = maximum speed of light in a vacuum
n = optical density or refractive index of media


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v(lead) = c/n(lead)= (299792458 m/s) /(2.6) = 115304791.538 m/s through lead.

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Dark Energy has a refractive index of ~<1. Though quite small Dark Energy still affects the speed, wavelength, frequency, and temperature of the photon-wave over great distances. <br>
This is very important. I am beginning to think that the only constant is change.

Aaron

Aaron,

Thank you so much for favorable posts.

Nakayama,

In my opinion, the observer is not relevant to the speed of light. Really the observer is just a photon receptor.

Also that mirror slows down the speed of light. Any time a photon hits an electron it writes its information to the baryon. The baryon recalculates and emits a new photon. This in my opinion is the cause of the reduction in speed.

That thought may actually prove that the speed of light is constant. Just the calculation of information by baryons may slow it down giving it the appearance of consistently slowing down. Where it could be Photon - - - baryon (calculate) eject photon - - - baryon... I hope that makes sense.

a

About emitted beam and reflected beam of "Orbis" or "speed gun", the formula : lightspeed = frequency x wavelength is as follows. At observer (at stand-still in the air) : Lightspeed is equal. Frequency & wavelength is not equal. At moving object : Frequency is equal. Lightspeed & wavelength is not equal.

In the outer space, lightspeed is not equal at both (observer and moving object).

http://www.unquantum.net/

This has been tantamount in describing photons for me. Without it I would still be working on the particle-wave paradox. He even describes a simple experiment that proves that photons are only waves. This experiment is reproducible by people who don't have huge budgets.

I think this may help in understanding photons.

a

I hope this was helpful. It sure helped me evaluate photons.

a

In a book "The theory of relativity" by W.Pauli : 1958, there is a passage as follows. "Rather should one say that for an observer moving with the medium, light is propagated as usual with velocity c/n in all directions".

It may explain that null result of Michelson-Morley experiment. And may deny Einstein's explanation on the result of Fizeau experiment with flowing water : 1851.

nakayama: In a book "The theory of relativity" by W.Pauli : 1958, there is a passage as follows. "Rather should one say that for an observer moving with the medium, light is propagated as usual with velocity c/n in all directions".
===============

Sorry but it seems you, as everybody else on this forum and elsewhere, are also deeply confused with the Big Confusion - c is not speed at all, light is not "in motion". Try to think dinamically, resonance is in question.

N. Tesla was fully aware of it.


Blessings

There is Einstein's passage the same as above Pauli's. Therefore (probably) he say he didn't know M-M experiment. He may have no choice (but to say so).