well....people who claim that the scientific method is the way to find answers....I can say that not many arguments on creation one way or another are visible ...
you said:
Further, how can we determine when something must have been designed not by a process, but by an intelligence? The answers to this are illusive.
Creation Demands a Creator.
science already agrees that the universe has not always existed. What can we observe that has a beginning where no existence previous was evident?
Dr. Jeffrey Fall wrote: "Science now confirms that there has been no past eternity of matter!
Life Demands a Life-Giver.
science has never—not even once—created life from non-life
Laws Demand a Lawgiver.
Science has discovered that our physical universe appeared from nothing. Science offers no answer ...umm...they are elusive to why... Science has found no reason for the many laws of physics and chemistry, and for the many precise values and relationships, to have come into existence exactly as they are. From a mathematical point of view, the odds against our universe having just the right laws to sustain life are astronomical. Einstein himselfwas amazed at the intelligence he saw in natural law.
Design Demands a Designer.
Not only are there the predictable physical laws throughout the universe, we find tremendous evidence of intelligent design.
In my view, it takes a lot more faith to not believe in a universe created by a Supreme Being than one that just was there one day...working as it does...with its creation, design, law etc.