A new and ambitious project on The Overvalwagen Forum. Let's try and organize the existing info and collect numbers and fotos of Turkish artillery weapons in the first half of the 20th century. I will lock the Turkish artillery thread as it is getting to big and clumsy.

The new thread can be divided in the following subthreads:

- mountain guns/howitzers
- field guns 75mm range
- field guns/howitzer 105mm range
- 12 cm range
- guns/hows 15cm range
- aa weapons
- at weapons
- naval weapons

A chapter per week?

Comments here.

Sources are various, but this forum as well as the Axishistory Forum are great sources of info. Especially Adopheit and Tosun Saral:
http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=109530

First the numbers and year of entry with Ottoman/Turkish forces:

In service at turn of the century were:

? pieces 7.5cm Gebirgskanone M 1873
? pieces 7cm Gebirgsgeschütz M 1890

Bought before WW1 were:

146 pieces 7.5cm Gebirgskanone L/14 Krupp M 05, 1905 (92 left by 1914)
4 pieces 7.5cm Gebirgskanone L/16 Rheinmetall M 10, 1910
108 pieces 7.5cm Gebirgskanone L/16.7 Schneider M.P.D., 1911

Delivered by the Central Powers during WW1 were:

18 pieces 7,5cm-Gebirgsgeschütz M 1914 L/16 Rheinmetall
28 pieces 7,7cm Gebirgskanone M 1915 L/17 Rheinmetall
8 pieces 10,5cm-Gebirgshaubitze L/12 Krupp
144 pieces 7,5cm M. 15 Gebirgskanone Skoda
20 pieces 7cm M. 99 Gebirgskanone Skoda
40 pieces 10.5cm M. 16 Gebirgshaubitze Skoda

Acquired after WW1 (including captured weapons) were:
? 10,5cm M16/19 Gebirgshaubitze Skoda (modified M16s)
? 75mm Bofors Mountain guns, 232 ordered 1928/32, partly delivered after WW2
See: http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/~m95perm/vapen/kanon/div/7.5cm_bergskanon.html

Let's add pictures of the guns in Turkish service below here:

The Gebirgskanone 75mm L14 M05:



The Rheinmetall 77mm L17 Gebirgskanone M15 (Some Skodas in the background):


The Schneider 75mm:


The Skoda 75mm:





The Krupp 10,5cm L12:



The Skoda 10cm:
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Skoda 10,5cm:



The Bofors 75mm:






At Bofors factory with the Turkish commission:


At Canakkale now:



And both types:
http://www.canakkalesehitligi.com/alt-galeri.asp?kat_no=3

In service around 1900 were:

?? pieces 7.5cm Feldkanone L/27 Krupp M 1873
?? pieces 87mm Feldkanone L/24 Krupp M 1873

Acquired before WW1 were:

648 pieces 7.5cm Feldkanone L/30 Krupp M 04 (1903-1907, just 344 remaining by 1914, rest lost during Balkan Wars)
88 pieces 7.5cm Feldkanone L/30 Krupp M 10 plus
40 pieces of a lighter model for horse artillery, M11 - some sources state these two guns were 76,2mm cal
52 Schneider 75mm L31 M12 field guns (confiscated batch of Serbian order to France)

Delivered by the Central Powers during WW1 were:

?? pieces 7.7cm Feldkanone 96 n/A L/27 Krupp and Ehrhardt
?? pieces 7.7cm Feldkanone 16 L/35 Rheinmetall

Acquired after 1918 were (including captured weapons):

Many Russian and British guns and some French guns were captured: some of them were used by Turkish Army.

I have no proof of light field guns commercially acquired in the 1918-45 period. There were probably loads of surviving guns from WW1.

But Turkey apparently acquired a large number of 75mm field guns with the help of Rheinmetall and Gutehoffnugshuette in Germany. This probably came down to rebuilding the old Krupp 75mm with a new open carriage and a new longer barrel, much after a design by HIH Siderius: the 75mm L35 field gun:


Production/conversion started probably around 1939 and there was a strong role for Turkey's artillery factory AF.

The pre-WW1 Krupp 75mm range, M04, M10, M11.
From Kosar:

From the web:





From The Edge on AXH forums:

From Hogg and Bachelor:


Please feed me back as it is hard for me to say which one is the M04 and which the M10/11...

Then the WW1 type Krupps:

7,7cm Feldkanone 16:

The Krupp 9cm C73:
There was a variety of 19th century Krupp, Austrian and Russian weapons in service:
This picture was taken in Edirne by Emir Yener, a Krupp 9cm gun:

Then a pic from The Edge from the AXH forums, a Trukish Krupp 9cm in Belgrad museum:

And one from Tosun Saral, depicting an old gun at the Turkish Artillery War school in 1945:

These pics are from Hans Mehl: first a Krupp 9cm C73/76 (87 or 88mm?), then a Russian (captured) 9 pounder, both at a monument at Eregli:

Last three from Yetkin Iscen.

In service at the turn of the century were:

No info.

Bought before WW1:

10.5cm Krupp Belagerungskanone L30, 1905-1908 (18 guns)

Delivered during WW1 by the Central Powers were

10.5cm leichte Feldhaubitze 98/09 L16 Krupp
10.5cm leichte Feldhaubitze 16 L22 Rheinmetall

Captured were:

No info.

Acquired in the Interwar period were:

32 105mm HIH howitzers (rebored 18pdrs), around 1930, horsedrawn, limbered,
56 105mm L30 Rheinmetall howitzers (mid 30s), 11 still in service with historical reneactment unit, horsedrawn, limbered, 1 in Istanbul museum.
??? 105mm L52 Krupp/Rheinmetall Feldkanone M18 (9 still left by the 1990s), delivered when?
??? 105mm L20 Schneider Canon Court mle 1934, when delivered?

There were also a number of howitzers probably of 105mm calibre that seem to combine the Rheinmetall l28 gun on a boxtrail carriage, a Turkish product, just like the 75mm field gun?

The Feldkanone 105mm L30 (Belagerungskanone), only customer was Turkey, from Kosar:


The 10.5cm leichte Feldhaubitze 98/09 L/16 Krupp:




Borrowed from the landships site, that last one.

The Rheinmetall 105mm lFh16:



Second one from Ralhp Lovett

The HIH 105mm howitzer 1930:



The Rheinmetall 105mm L30:





The Schneider Canon Court (courtesy Tosun Saral):

The Rheinmetall 105mm LeFh 18 on box trail or Kastenlafette, delivered when?

A still hazy chapter. This is what I have from the various internet discussions:

In service at turn of the century were:

? pieces Skoda 12cm K88
? pieces 1890 12cm Baquet
72 pieces 1892 12 cm L12 Krupp
? pieces 1895 12cm Krupp

Bought before WW1 were:

? pieces 12cm Krupp Feldhaubitze M04 (or M03?)

Delivered by the Central Powers during WW1 were:

no info

Acquired after WW1 (including captured weapons) were:

? pieces Krupp 122mm 1909 (from Russia)

Just one so far: a Krupp 120mm howitzer at Istanbul Army Museum:

Hi, this is my modest contribution to 12cm Turkish guns chapter (Krupp M1891 model with L/11.2 barrel)



Both pictures are taken in Belgrade Military Museum this year.
(I haven't taken a photo of breech markings, but "1891" is stamped for sure)

Another photo (with Bulgarian soldiers) http://forum.boinaslava.net/attachment.php?attachmentid=4111

From this exellent topic: http://forum.boinaslava.net/showthread.php?t=6610&page=1 (with data for 12cm guns & howitzers!)

Another hard and confusing subject. Let's see what we got so far:

Acquired before WW1:
18 pieces 15cm Haubitze L/14 Krupp, 1905-08, 12 left by 1914

Received during WW1 from the Central Powers:
?? pieces 15cm schwere Feldhaubitze 13 L/14 and L17
12? pieces 15cm Feldhaubitze 14 Skoda

After WW1:
?? pieces 152mm Howitzer M1910
barrels for (re)building 15cm sFH13
2 pieces 15cm Kanone 39 Krupp, rest of order remained in Germany
72? pieces 150mm howitzer M1934 Skoda
?? pieces of 155mm Schneider howitzer
?? pieces of 155 mm Schneider fieldgun ?

15cm Krupp Haubitze L14:


15cm sFh 13 L14:

On a monument in Australia (there are plenty of Turkish guns left there), from the www:



Same but L17 after "refabricating" in 1921 (courtesy Tosun Saral):


The Skoda 15cm (pic Mehl - at Istanbul):


A Skoda or Schneider? 15cm or 155mm weapon (from Turkish ebay):



A Schneider 155mm howitzer (courtesy Tosun Saral):

Skodas K1




And on video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00r_hciI9yc

In 1885 7 35,5cm Krupp L35 coastal guns were bought for Dardanelles fortresses

During WW1 many heavy Krupp guns were guarding the Dardanelles as coastal artillery, most dating from the 19th century.

During the 1930s several orders for very heavy modern guns were placed with Skoda. In service were:

2 pieces 210mm L49 gun M39 Skoda, most guns of Turkish order taken over by Germans
2 pieces 240mm L28 howitzer M39 Skoda, taken over by Germans as well.

In 1885 7 35,5cm Krupp L35 coastal guns were bought for Dardanelles fortresses


One of these captured by the British at Cape Helles:

Some older unidentified guns from the Dardanelles area:

Some sources on this forum state there were in service:

? pieces Canon d'Infantrie de 37mm mle 1916 TRP
? pieces English QF 3 pdr (?)
? pieces 3.7cm TAK 18

Anti-tank weapons were acquired in the 1930s:

250 pieces Canon de 25mm antichar SA mle 1934
? pieces 47mm infantry gun Skoda

1936: 100 3,7cm Tak (must have been L50, see later orders)

?: at the outbreak of the war no less than 278 pcs of 37mm L50 TAKs were confiscated and delivered to other states, like Hungary, Iran, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia...???

1942: 49 pieces of 5cm L60 TAK
1943: 60 pcs 5cm L60 TAK

Turkey manufactured the Rheinmetall 37mm AT gun under license from 1942 on, as the Kirikkale.

It's hard to find pictures.

Here a shot at Istanbul military museum, a 37mm Rheinmetall type anti-tank gun:

In 1912 Ottoman Army bought in Germany four 75mm Krupp Bak guns (boinaslava.net), showing the advanced thinking of the Ottoman military!
Two of them had a caliber of 75mm L/28, while the others had a longer tube (L/30). One of each type was captured by the Bulgarians.

In the 1930s the following purchases were made:
100 pieces Mitrailleuse de 20mm Mle 1939
8 pieces 40mm AA M1936 Bofors
? pieces Canon CA 75mm Mle?
? pieces 75 mm AA Vickers-Armstrong
? pieces 8.8cm Flak 16
? pieces 7,5cm FLAK L60, made by Krupp, 16 pieces taken over by german forces in 1939

1936: 12 pcs 37mm Flak (Flak 18?) with Rheinmetall

the 75mm BAK 1912:

the 75mm Vickers:






Vickers 94mm guns (postwar?)



40mm Bofors (could also be wartime type)

10 pieces 28,3cm L50 Krupp (Yavuz battlecruiser)
6 pieces 28cm (Turgutreis)
14 pieces 15cm L45 Krupp (Yavuz, Hamidiye class)
16 pieces 12cm (Hamidye class)
12cm L50 OTO Ansaldo (destroyers
8 pieces 105mm Krupp (Turgutreis)
10cm Italian submarine guns
10,5cm German submarineguns
4 inch submarine guns
2 pieces 75mm sub guns
8 pieces 88mm (Turgutreis)
8 pieces 76,2mm (Yavuz)
some 75mm
some 65mm
some 57mm
some 47mm (Ham. class)
26 pieces 40mm (Yavuz)
10 pieces 37mm (Ham. class)
24 pieces 20mm Rheinmetall (Yavuz)

An ex-Yavuz 15cm Krupp L45 at the Istanbul navy Museum:

10,5cm L45 Krupp

75mm submarinegun:


3,7cm Maxim-Nordenfeldt:

A 1934 Turkish destroyer:

Rheinmetall 20mm 1920s model: