Both Total Baseball and Mark Stang's "Baseball by the Numbers" offer information on coaches. While these references don't state what capacity they served in, it will provide you with a point of departure for name, team, and year. The specific information might be able to be gathered from the internet at that point.
For instance, these sources will identify Larry Shepard as a coach for the Cincinnati Reds from 1970-1979.
A Google search for “Larry Shepard Cincinnati Reds Coach” will lead you:
The Man in the Dugout / Leonard Koppett | BaseballLibrary.com
The team Anderson put together in Cincinnati included Larry Shepard, ...
Shepard was the pitching coach, trained in the Dodger system back in the 1940s, ...
www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary
This combination of references and leading searches will let you find that Shepard was a pitching coach…
Not sure it will pay off in all cases, but it at least presents a framework to use..
Interesting that you picked Larry Shepard as he now resides in my hometown of Lincoln, Nebraska where he managed the Lincoln Chiefs in the mid 1950's. The Chiefs are one of my main collecting interests.
The reason I asked this question was that I recently bought a "Tommy McCraw" game-worn Astros coaching jacket. Iwanted to find out what years he coached them, and was amazed at how little information was available. I eventually found an "all-time coaches" list on the Astros MLB site that had the information, but it seemed weird that all the sites that list team detail by year, don't go to the trouble of simply listing other key personnel associated with the teams each year.