Study guide for Module #2

1.

a) Exocrine glands: Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct.

b) Endocrine glands: Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

c) Merocrine glands: Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material.

d) Apocrine glands: Exocrine glands that have cytoplasm in their secretions.

e) Holocrine glands: Exocrine glands whose secretions are made up of disintegrated cells.

f) Extracellular Matrix: The chemical substances located between connective tissue cells.

g) Fibroblasts: Spindle-shaped cells that form connective tissue

h) Chondrocytes: Mature cartilage cells

i) Stromal cells: Cells that provide structure or support for parenchymal cells.

j) Parenchymal cells: Cells that provide the actual function of the tissue.

k) Permanent cells: Cells that cannot undergo mitosis

l) Labile cells: Cells that undergo mitosis regularly and quickly.

2.
The four basic types of tissue are:

Muscular
Nervous
Connective
& Epithelial

3.
a) The number of layers
b) The shape of cells

4.
The basement membran separates the basal surface and the tissue underneath it.

5.
a) The basement membrane is avascular
b) Diffusion

6.
a) Simple squamous epithelium can be found in our blood vessels which are lined with it.

b) Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found in our kidneys which is made up of it.

c) Simple columnar epithelium is found in the stomach.

d) Stratified squamous epithelium is in skin.

e) Unstretched and stretched stratified transitional epithelium is found in the urinary bladder.

f) Pseudostratified epithelium is found in the airways of the lungs.

7.
Merocrine gland

8.
Loose connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue

9.
Fibroblasts is found in all connective tissue proper.

10.
a) Loose connective tissue is found in the hypodermis and it holds things together very lightly.

b) Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the Dermis and it is a little mut not much stronger than loos connective tissue.

c) Dense regular connective tissue is found in the tendons and it holds things together very strongly.

d) Adipose tissue is fatty tissue and it is found in the mammary glands.

11.
Chondrocytes need a lacuna because cells cannot live in a plase that is firm, so it is enveloped in a lacuna in order to stay alive.

12.
a) Hyaline is found on the bridge of the nose.

b) Fibrocartilage is found in between the discs of vertebrae in the spinal cord.

c) Elastic cartilage is found in the outer ear and it is stretchy.

13.
Serous membranes line the organs in two layers and secrete a fluid that lubricates and protects them from one-another.

Synovial membranes protect the joints from rubbing together.

Mucous membranes line and protect tubes which open to the outside of the body.

14.
Yes.

15.
In general, connective tissue cell are parenchymal.