Study guide for module #13

1.

a) Mastication-- The process of chewing
b) Digestion-- The breakdown of food molecules into their individual components.
c) Deglutition-- The act of swallowing
d) Peristalsis-- The process of contraction and relaxation of circular smooth muscles which pushes food through the alimentary canal
e) Gastric Juice-- The acidic secretion of the stomach
f) Adventitia-- thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds an organ to surrounding organs
g) Lumen-- The hole in the center of a tube
h) Macronutrients-- The nutrients that our bodies need in large quantities: Carbohydrates, Fats and proteins
i) Micronutrients-- The nutrients that our bodies need in small quantities: Vitamins and minerals

2.
a) Tongue
b) Larynx
c) Trachea
d) Pancreas
e) Stomach
f) Small intestine
g) anus
h,i, and j are all salivary glands
k) Esophagus
l) Pharynx
m) Lungs
n) Liver
o) Gallbladder
p) transverse colon
q) ascending colon
r) descending colon
s) cecum
t) Appendix
u) rectum
v) Large intestine

3.
V=

a) yes
b) yes
c) expells feces

4.
Soft palate

5.
a) Amylase
b) Amylase is a digestive ensyme which breaks down starches into matose.

6.
The Soft Palate's function is to keep food from going down into the lungs.

7.
The layer that is found exclusively in the stomach is the oblique muscularis.

8.
a) Gastric juice
b) Gastric juice is an acidic secretion of the stomach's which breaks down large protein molecules and destroys many bacterii.

9.
The gastric juice does not hurt the lining of the stomach because the lining produces so much mucus, the acidic liquid cannot get through.

10.
The role of the intrinsic factor is to help the body absorb the vitamin B12, which is necessary for health.

11.
?

12.
Gastrin affects the stomach by lowering esophageal sphincter tone, decreases the pyloric tone, increases the rate of secretion of gastric juice and increases the rate of mixing waves of the stomach.

13.
Duodenum-- is the shortest
Jejunum
Ileum

14.
Intestinal villi and microvilli help deigest food.

15.
Secretin
Cholecytokinin
gastric inhibitory peptide

16.
Maltase-- breaks down maltose
Sucrase-- breaks down sucrose
Lactase-- breaks down sucrose
Peptidase-- breaks down peptides
Enterokinase-- activates trypsinogen into trypsin which breaks down proteins

17.
Because it would kill the cell! Cells contain proteins!

18.
They are symbiotic organisms which fight yeast and other organisms.

19.
People usually have to defecate right after a meal because there is no more room in the rectum

20.
a) Blood
b) Bile

21.
No, ithelps neutralize acid from gastric juice and promotes emulsifying of fats.

22.
Salivary glands and the pancreas.

23.
Mucus
?

24.
Vitamins: A D E and K

25.
Generally enhances the bodies performance abilities.

26.
Vitamins: D, and sometimes B