13. ATP and a protein carrier are needed. The exception is proteins taken in by pinocytosis.
14. Water, urea.
15. You would expect to see very little of it.
16. Its concentration in the blood decreases.
17.a. same as blood
b. three times greater
c. four times greater
d. two times greater
e. same as blood
18. Internal urinary sphincter - controlled by parasympathetic division of ANS. External urinary sphincter - conscious control.
19. The juxtaglomerular cells sense blood pressure and sodium canges in blood.
20. Aldosterone
21. Atrial naturiuretic hormone.
22. When pH goes below, it is called acidosis; when above, its is called alkalosis.
23. Bicarbonate buffer, HCO3 as base. Phosphate buffer, amine group as base.
24. Buffer system, respiratory system, kidneys.
25. Kidneys, respiratory system, buffer system.
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