Mod 4 study guide Q's
1. A. A bone forming cell
B. A mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix
C. A large, multinucleated cell that breaks down bone
D. A localized mass of blood that is confined to an organ or some definable space
E. A mass of tissue that connects the ends of a broken bone
F. The position acquired when one stands erect with feet facing forward, the upper limbs hanging at the sides, and the palms facing forward with the thumbs to the outside
2. It contains collagen, which gives the tissue flexibility and strength, and calcium salts, which give it strength
3. It is an Oesteocyte
4. It is an Osteoclast
5. It is cancellous bone tissue
6. Cancellous bone tissue, the spaces contain red bone marrow and blood vessels
7. The layers are called concentric lamellae, interstitial lamellae are the layers of tissue between osteons
8. Canaliculi are links between the cells
9. Six reasons bone must be remodelled :
a. Some cancellous bone ossifies into compact bone.
b. Due to stress, bone mass can increase or decrease.
c. If the bone needs to be re-shaped, it will remodel.
d. Bone will remodel if any worn out collagen or hydroxyapatite needs to be replaced.
e. Bone will remodel to repair broken bones.
f. Bones will remodel to regulate calcium levels.
10. cartilage is ossified at the same rate in which it is added
11. The diphysis side ossifies
12. It cannot increase its length, but it can widen
13. It is when the bones grow in diameter and osteoclasts remove bone from the medullary cavity
14. B,D,C,A
15. The internal callus actually becomes bone, but the external callus forms only while the bone is being healed
16. The thyroid gland secretes alcitonin, and the parathyroid glands secrete PTH
17. Calcitonin decreases the activity of osteoclasts. PTH increases the activity of osteoclasts.
18. It is too low
19. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and it stimulates tissue growth
20. They stimulate osteoblast activity and they cause the epiphyseal plates to ossify
21. Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are associated with most of the movement
22. A. bursa
B. fibrous capsule
C. synovial membrane
D. synovial fluid
E. articular cartilage
F. inner layer of the periosteum
G. outer layer of the periosteum
23. It helps the bones move in the joint without damage
24. It lubricates the joint
25. The synovial membrane
26. Ball and socket, ellipsoid, saddle, hinge, pivot, plane
27. A. plantar flexion
B. extension
C. circumdation
D. pronation
E. abduction
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