Menoi, the most common cause of tailless hummers [and other birds as well] is rapid escape from a predator. The tail feathers come out easily, so if a predator catches the tail, the bird can just take off without them. Usually, they grow back in 2-3 weeks.
Last January, a female Ruby-throated showed up at my place. She had no tail feathers and more than half the feathers were missing from her breast. Even though there were other hummers wintering, I was concerned because we were experiencing the coldest weather of the winter and she was missing some important insulation. Even without good feathering, she survived and she stayed until late March. I hope she will return soon.
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Nancy L Newfield
Casa Colibrí
Metairie, Louisiana USA
USDA Zone 9
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