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http://translate.google.com/translate_t?langpair=es|en FOKKER C.X PART 2
1 – 3) The Pegasus engined Finnish variant of the Fokker C.X
Finland also used the Fokker C.X intensively. After receiving 4 pattern aircraft directly by Fokker in 1937, 30 machines where built under licence in Finland by the State Aircraft Factory (Valtion Lentokonetehdas at Tampere).
4) The VL-Fokker assembly line at Tampere, Finland.
Five more where delivered in 1942 as attrition replacements. All Finnish C.X’s where powered by the Bristol Pegasus. The Fokkers where very popular with their pilots. It was a very sturdy airframe, and a pleasure to fly. Because it was highly manoeuvrable it proved to be a difficult target for defending fighters, and flying at low altitude it was a successful light bomber.
5 – 7): Wheels and skies undercarriage, the last one was a experimental version.
Series I (FK-78 – FK-81): Built by Fokker Amsterdam and received by the Air Depot on 16 Jan, 1937 were ordered from State Aircraft Factory.
8 + 9) FK-78, the first of the Finnish C.Xs.
10 – 12): FK-81, the last of the Dutch built Finnish C.Xs
Series II consisting of 13 C.Xs (FK-82 – FK-94) and Series III of 17 aircraft (FK-95 – FK-110) on 12 Feb, 1937.
Series II was ready in Jan-June, 1938 and series III in June-Dec, 1938.
13 – 14) FK-82, the first of the VL built C.X’s in good and in bad shape (after a crash landing at Tampere on the 26th of June 1940..
15 + 16): FK-85 en FK-86 two other Series II Fokker C.Xs.
17 + 18): FK-97 in early and later scheme
19 – 21) Several picture of FK-99 giving a good impression of its overall camouflage scheme.
22 + 23): Fokker C.X Sarja III nr. FK-104.
Series IV of 5 C.Xs (replacement aircraft FK-111 – FK-115) was ordered on 24 Apr, 1942 and was ready by the end of the year.
24 + 25): Two Sarja IV Fokker C.Xs, seen here in the markings introduced in late 1944. FK-115 being the last of all Finnish C.Xs.
The aircraft entered service with Lentorykmentti 1 (Air Regiment 1) during the Winter War within the following units: PLeLv-10 at Lappeenranta, TLeLv-12 at Suur-Merijoki and TLeLv-14 op Laikko.
The original C.X’s having proved their worth in the Winter War and were used as reconnaissance aircraft and dive-bombers.. Although poor in terms of performance and firepower, the C.Xs revealed themselves to be capable of undertaking both the light attack and observation roles without undue losses when they used their agility, especially at very low speed and very low levels, to avoid the attentions of Soviet fighters. Thus losses during the Winter War were 8 aircraft and the C.X was presses into continued service during the Continuation War when Finland joined Germany in its invasion of the Soviet Union in 6/41. The aircraft remained in front line service until 4/44 and were then relegated to nocturnal harassment tasks until 9/44.
Most of the aircraft were also very successful during the Continuation War and they served with TLeLv-14 at Padasjoki, TLeLv-16 at Rissala (both units under control of Lentorykmentti 1); and with HLeLv-26 at Joroinen under control of Lentorykmennti 2.
The machines that survived the war where used as trainers until 1958 and then scrapped.
26) Did the 3rd prototype of the C.X cn 5418 ever reach Spain (maybe coded as PH-ALX)?
27 + 28): Spanish C.X illustrated by Juan Abellán (thanks a lot Salva for the second picture).
Unfortunately I have very little information about the Fokker C.Xs intended to be built for the (Republican) government in Spain. Fokker sold one C.X and a licence agreement to the Spanish and as told in part one, Dutch aviation writers suppose that the third prototype was secretly flown to Spain as PH-ALX to serve as a pattern aircraft for the Spanish State Factory (SAF-15) at Alicante and to fulfil Fokkers contract with the Spanish government. .
The facts are that 25 airframes were completed at SAF-5 and only the Spanish prototype has been reported to have flown in Spain to be evaluated at the Carmoli Flying School. Spain was not able to obtain or construct the engines needed for these 25 aircraft.
29 – 32) Some profiles of the Spanish C.X and a model built of this aircraft by Juan Mílan. (with thanks to both Salva Marín and Juan Mílan).
With many, many thanks to my friend Salva Marin I got some material published in Spain dealing with this matter and I include these articles here without any comment.
33 – 37) The articles sent to me by Salva and the only picture I have ever seen of the Fokker C.X in Spanish colours.
I really hope some of these forum members can help me to make this story complete.
I would be very obliged if you will take the trouble to sort things out.
Not really a Fokker C.X, but its Swiss counterpart based on this and the C.V Fokker designs.
38 - 40): 3-view of the EKW C-35, showing the resemblance to the Fokker C.X and two pictures showing some nice details.
Switzerland already had a license agreement for the Fokker C.V-D and also obtained the rights for the C.X. The Swiss State Factory’s (Eidgenössische Konstruktions Werkstätte) design team at Thun supervised by M. Thouret did some supplementary research and design work and this culminated into the EKW C-35 of which even 89 examples were built and most of them served into the 1950’s.
Main changes affected the construction of wings and fuselage, a Hispano-Suisa 12Ycrs of 860 hp was installed and armament was improved to one 20 - mm cannon and three machine guns.
Overview of all Swiss EKW C-35s:
41 – 43) Respectively: profile of (C-)110 in prewar (1937) markings; picture of C-112 during a photo-reconnaissance flight on the 15th of August 1940, fully camouflaged; a picture of (C-)113 in prewar markings and a sideview of (C-)116
44 – 46): A photograph of C-123 during take-off on the 26th of August 1940 and a profile and picture of the same aircraft in 1943.
47 – 49): Two pictures of the beautifully restored (C-)180 c/n 395 at the cosy Dubendorf museum and a profile of the same aircraft depicting its 1940 scheme.
So far my pictorial overview of this sturdy, highly manoeuvrable, not very well known aircraft that was highly liked by the pilots who flew it.
Now I am out of Dutch aircraft which had a connection with the GCE, but if you like these contributions and you like to see something like this treating another aircraft, do not hesitate to ask me and I will do my utmost.
Cheers,
Peter.
Sources:
Nederlandse Vereniging voor Modelbouwers (a dutch modellers association): Picture 1 + 2
Dutch Aviation website (
http://www.dutch-aviation.nl/index5/Military/index5-1%20C10.html ): picture 3, 32
Nederlandse Vliegtuig Encyclopedie no. 10 – Fokker C-X by Hugo Hooftman, February 1980: Picture 4-6, 8-11, 14, 16, 19, 24, 27, 29
GotoWar Website (
http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/305/CX-Fokker.htm : Picture 7
Wings Palette Website (
http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww2/f/95/78 ) Picture 12, 15, 18, 30,
Suomen Ilmavoimen Lentokoneet 1939-72 by Kalevi Keskinen, ISBN 951-9035-21-4, 1972: Picture 13, 17, 21, 25
Wikipedia website (
) picture 20.
Blitz Airpower Archive website (
http://www.blitzairpowerarchive.com/ : picture 22
Jukka Kemppinen website (
http://kemppinen.blogspot.com/2007/07/hmr-kamera.html : picture 23
Nederlandse Militaire luchtvaart Historie website (
http://www.nmlh.nl/vlklufokcx_000.html ): picture 26
Salvador Marín contribution on Aeronet GCE (
http://www.network54.com/Forum/394728/message/1197502916/Muy+bueno+como+todos+tus+post... ) picture 28
Juan Millan contribution on Aeronet GCE (
http://www.network54.com/Forum/394728/ : picture 31
Hispano Suiza 1904-1972 by Manuel Lage: picture 33-35 (kindly provided to me by Salvador Marín)
Aviones Españoles desde 1910 by Jaime Velarde Silió: picture 36-37 (kindly provided to me by Salvador Marín)
Air War Russia website (
http://www.airwar.ru/other1/c35.html : picture 38, 42, 45
Schweiz 39-45, Krieg in einem neutralen Land by J. Piekalkiewicz, ISBN 3 – 87943 – 510 – 3, 1979: picture 39-40, 44
Wings website (
http://www.fader.dyndns.org/wings/05%20SAF/swissbasis01e.htm ) picture 41, 46, 49.
Webshots community website (
http://www.webshots.com/ ) ; picture 43
Airliners.net website (
http://www.airliners.net/open.file?id=1011502&size=M&width=1200&height=812&sok=JURER%20%20%28nvepensg_trarevp%20%3D%20%27RXJ%20P-35%27%29%20%20BEQRE%20OL%20cubgb_vq%20QRFP&photo_nr=1&prev_id=&next_id= ): picture 47
Lotnictwo.net website (
http://lotnictwo.net/galselect.php?p=0&ui=133&mi=52&ti=1077&quer=reg.reg&selectby=fotoID%20DESC&wpis=180 ): picture 48
