Poly-Ticks
Many years ago, politics was something that was not first and foremost on the average citizen's mind. At that time I considered myself apolitical. As politics permeated more and more of our daily lives, things changed.
Now, things have gone far beyond politics as we knew it, and "politics" is much an outdated word, I think. Have you noticed how, more and more, words like coup d'etat, conspiracy, deception, fraud, etc. are associated with what used to be politics and government?
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"When we assumed the soldier we did not lay aside the citizen," from then-Gen. George Washington's June 26, 1775, letter to the Provincial Congress is inscribed inside the apse. Ref http://www.arlingtoncemetery.org/visitor_information/amphitheater.html
Note: The above quote was a favorite of Col David (Perfumed Princes) Hackworth USA (Ret.)
(now deceased)
Since it was established as a distinct component of the Defense POW/Missing Personnel Office in the fall of 1994, the Joint Commission Support Directorate has carefully examined a series of reports and sightings of U.S. servicemen held in the Soviet gulag, a network of penal camps that crisscrossed the former Soviet Union.
Several points have become clear.
First, Americans, including American servicemen, were imprisoned in the former Soviet Union. The Soviets and their Warsaw Pact allies even transferred some of these Americans from satellite states such as the German Democratic Republic, to the Soviet Union, where they were detained. However, despite our extensive efforts, we have not yet acquired definitive, verifiable information that would allow us to determine the scope of such transfers or the ultimate fates of those whose lives were directly affected by them. [1]
The parties [including the United States and North Vietnam] shall help each other to get information about those military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties missing in action, to determine the location and take care of the graves of the dead so as to facilitate the exhumation and repatriation of the remains, and to take such other measures as may be required to get information about those still considered missing in action.[2]
During the Twentieth Century the United States openly fought international communism three times, on battlefields from the frozen wastes of Siberia, to the harsh mountains of Korea, to the steaming jungles of Vietnam—and after those conflicts we never recovered thousands of American POWs and MIAs. We fought communists covertly during World War II when they were our allies, and later in the "Cold War" when they were not—and then, too, suffered the loss of countless POWs and MIAs.
These hot and cold wars against worldwide communism, together with unimpeachable evidence that emerged after all American prisoners of war were supposed to have been repatriated from Vietnam in 1973, strongly support the conclusion that by the end of the Vietnam War American fighting men had been murdered by our enemies, while others were deliberately withheld from repatriation by the Indochinese communists. It is nearly certain that one of those men was then-Captain Michael Joseph Bosiljevac of the United States Air Force.
Even though Captain Bosiljevac's case was not discussed by name in a 1991 United States Senate Report entitled "An Examination of U.S. Policy Toward POW/MIAs, [3] it could well have been because what probably happened to Mike Bosiljevac beginning in 1972 had been the fate of literally countless other American military and civilian personnel starting a half-century earlier.
As the Senate Report noted, "it is not surprising to learn that the problems with which the United States has had in dealing with prisoners of war and the missing in action [from the Vietnam War] are not the result of chance, but of historic Communist policy. Indeed, history reveals that policy. In the years after World Wars I and II, the Soviet regime, and later their North Korean cohorts, held American soldiers and citizens captive in the aftermath of these wars." [4]
The Senate Report further acknowledged that "Soviet and Asian Communist regimes view POW/MIAs, living or dead, not as a problem of humanitarian concern, but 1) as leverage for political bargaining, 2) as an involuntary source of technical assistance, and 3) as forced labor."
There were two additional purposes for which the communists used American POW/MIAs: 4) to obtain hard cash and needed goods, and, 5) to turn them into human guinea pigs.
It is very likely that Mike Bosiljevac fell into at least two of these five categories.
The United States Senate Report added that "the [communists' POW/MIAs-as-commodities] policy began with Lenin." [5] Indeed it did.
Footnotes
[1] "The Gulag Study" (Fifth Edition), prepared by the United States Joint Commission Support Directorate—Moscow. The task of that office is "to determine if there were or still are any American servicemen who were held against their will within the territory of the former Soviet Union. The office, officially known as the Joint Commission Support Directorate - Moscow - is actively pursuing POW/MIA information relating to World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, as well as aircraft shoot downs that occurred during the Cold War." The Study can be found at http://www.dtic.mil/dpmo/sovietunion/gulag_study.htm.
[2] Article 8(b) of the Paris [Peace] Accords, officially entitled "The Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam."
[3] The lengthy Senate Report—"based on open-source material, including official U.S. Government documents that have been declassified and collected from official agencies through Freedom of Information Act requests and through research from the National Archives, Washington, D.C."—was rendered by the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Republican Staff, dated May 23, 1991. It can be found at http://www.aiipowmia.com/reports/exam1.html.
[4] My emphasis.
[5] My emphasis. The Senate Report continued: "From the time of the Bolshevik treatment of POWs from the American . . . Expeditionary Force in World War I, to the Soviet Treatment of POWs in World War II, to the North Korea actions in the Korean War, and finally in the First and Second Indochina Wars, POWs, including MIAs, were used by Communist regimes as cynical bargaining tools in contravention of international law."
Henry Mark Holzer, professor emeritus at Brooklyn Law School, is a constitutional and appellate lawyer. His most recent book 'The Supreme Court Opinions of Clarence Thomas (1991-2006)' has just been published. He maintains a website at www.henrymarkholzer.com
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Part 1: Introduction
Since it was established as a distinct component of the Defense POW/Missing Personnel Office in the fall of 1994, the Joint Commission Support Directorate has carefully examined a series of reports and sightings of U.S. servicemen held in the Soviet gulag, a network of penal camps that crisscrossed the former Soviet Union.
Several points have become clear. Read More
Part 2: Three Shooting Wars, One Cold War, One Invasion
In World War I, the Allies ( United States, Britain, France, and Russia) fought the Germans on the Western Front in Europe until the Brest-Litovsk Treat of 1918, engineered by Lenin, pulled Russia out of the war with Germany. One result of the treaty was an Allied Expeditionary Force being sent to protect the Russian ports of Murmansk and Archangel from the Germans. In a campaign little known except to historians, Americans fought Soviet Bolshevik forces in the Archangel area of the Northern USSR. According to the Senate Report, "[a]s a result of the fighting against Soviet Bolshevik forces around Archangel in 1918-1919, there were many...eyewitness accounts of hundreds of U.S. and British and French personnel who disappeared." Read More
Part 3: The First and Second Vietnam Wars
The information contained in the Senate Report and in "The Gulag Study," covering the period immediately after World War I to the eve of the Vietnam War—through World War II, the Cold War, and The Korean War—prove beyond any doubt that American military personnel were held captive in the Soviet Union over the course of some forty years, from approximately 1918 to 1960. Whether these men were held by Soviets, Chinese, or Koreans; whether they were enlisted or officers; whether they were native born or immigrants; whether they were pilots or had other military occupational specialties; whether they were wounded or not; whether they were arrested, kidnapped, shot down, survived crashes, not repatriated, or were POWs liberated by the Soviets from Germans and Japanese prison camps; or whether they or fell under communist control some other way—the unarguable fact is that thousands-upon-thousands of our countrymen lived, and died, in Soviet prisons, labor camps, "hospitals," and other detention facilities. Read More
Part 4: The Case of Captain Michael Joseph Bosiljevac
As noted, there is overwhelming evidence that ever since Lenin's gang took over the Soviet Union in 1917 communists worldwide have been using captured American military personnel "1) as leverage for political bargaining, 2) as an involuntary source of technical assistance, and 3) as forced labor." As further noted, "there were two other purposes for which the communists used American POW/MIAs: 4) to obtain hard cash and needed goods, and, 5) to turn them into human guinea pigs." Based on the available evidence, it is very likely that Mike Bosiljevac fell into at least two of these five categories. Read More
Part 5: The Conclusion
In its 1978 reclassification of Mike from Missing in Action to Killed in Action—a gambit that saved the government a lot of money—the United States Air Force effectively wrote him off, literally and figuratively. Even though from time to time tireless MIA-seekers like Bill Bell would make inquiries to the Vietnamese about Mike Bosiljevac's status, after 1978 our government officially would no longer make serious efforts to ascertain whether he might still be alive, or even whether he had lived for some time after his 1972 shoot down. Read More
About the Series
On November 24, 2007, American newspapers and international news wire services carried the obituary of John H. Noble. The Los Angeles Times headline read "John Noble, 84; wrote, lectured about captivity in Soviet camps. The obituary went on to explain how Noble, an American citizen, had survived World War II in Dresden, Germany, been "liberated" by Soviet troops in 1945, and then spent years as a slave "in the Vorkuta coal mine and prison complex near the Arctic Circle."
Although for years the Soviets denied knowing anything about Noble, nearly ten years after his capture he was released. Afterwards, John Noble tried to make the American people understand that his was but one of countless similar stories—and that thousands of Americans had vanished behind the Iron Curtain at the end of the War.
But Noble's story, as compelling and informative as it was, did not start early enough.
The fact is that as early as World War I, when American troops fought the Bolsheviks in Siberia, the communists snatched and captured Americans who then vanished into the black hole of the Soviet slave labor system. This communist tactic continued in the 1920s and 1930s, during and after World War II, throughout the Cold War, in the Korean War, and, needless to say, as an integral part of North Vietnamese strategy in the Vietnam war.
The following article reveals in detail this decades-long unspeakable communist abuse of American military and civilian personnel, and then focuses on one case in particular—that of Air Force Captain Michael Joseph Bosiljevac. Mike—the Electronic Warfare Officer in an F-105G, who earlier had worked in our atomic weaponry program—was shot down in late September 1972, he landed safely, and was never seen again.
Until, that is, 1987, when his skeleton was suddenly returned to United States custody—containing extremely suspicious coloration.
Mike's story, and the tale of what began in the frozen wastes of Siberia and has not yet ended for countless Americans who vanished at the hands of communists, cries out to be told.
About the Author
Henry Mark Holzer, professor emeritus at Brooklyn Law School, is a constitutional and appellate lawyer. His most recent book ' The Supreme Court Opinions of Clarence Thomas (1991-2006)' has just been published. He maintains a website at www.henrymarkholzer.com
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NOTE:
At the time of my posting the following below, I had received an inquiry from a Marine regarding the possibility of Marines having been in Russia during The Great War. At that time, the following is all that I could dig up regarding Marines having been in Russia at all during that period.
With my adding of Mr. Holzer's article (previous addendum this thread) it now seems to me that there is the possibility Marines may have taken part in the operation described by Mr. Holzer.
Nov 26, 2007
Dick Gaines
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The Marines of the BROOKLYN, flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, participated
in the activities around Vladivostok, Siberia, In 1918.
In June, 1918, Vladivostok, and practically all of Siberia, was under the
control of the Bolsheviki. The Bolsheviki, assisted by German and Austrian
prisoners of war, were resisting the advance of the Czecho-Slovaks, who were
trying to reach Vladivostok. In that city on June 29, 1918, there were
approximately 12,000 well-organized Czecho-Slovaks, only about 2,500 of whom
were armed or equipped. On the foregoing date the Czecho-Slovaks in the city
took it over from the Bolsheviki after a three hour battle near its center,
and on the afternoon of that day Rear Admiral Austin M. Knight, commander in
chief of the Asiatic Fleet, ordered a detachment of American Marines ashore to
guard the American consulate and to act as part of an Allied force composed of
British, Japanese, Chinese, and Czecho-Slovaks, to patrol the city.
In July, 1918, Marines from the BROOKLYN acted as guards over German and
Austrian prisoners of war on Russian Island, about 5 miles from Vladivostok,
while Marines from the same vessel constituted part of an Allied military
force of American and British marines, Japanese and Chinese bluejackets, and
Czecho-Slovak soldiers, which was organized to prevent a threatened strike and
disorder among the workmen in the Russian navy yard at Vladivostok.
The ALBANY was at Vladivostok from April 2, 1919, until relieved by the
NEW ORLEANS on July 25, 1919. Each of these ships, while they were anchored
off Vladivostok, kept a small guard of Marines at the United States Naval
radio station on Russian Island.
Col. Carl Gamborg-Andresen was fleet Marine officer of the Asiatic Fleet
from August 25, 1915 to July 17, 1917; Col. Louis McC. Little from July 18,
1917 to April 25, 1918; and Col. Eli T. Fryer from that date until after the
armistice.
61
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"In a campaign little known except to historians, Americans fought Soviet Bolshevik forces in the Archangel area of the Northern USSR."
~~~~~
Part 2: Three Shooting Wars, One Cold War, One Invasion
In World War I, the Allies ( United States, Britain, France, and Russia) fought the Germans on the Western Front in Europe until the Brest-Litovsk Treat of 1918, engineered by Lenin, pulled Russia out of the war with Germany. One result of the treaty was an Allied Expeditionary Force being sent to protect the Russian ports of Murmansk and Archangel from the Germans. In a campaign little known except to historians, Americans fought Soviet Bolshevik forces in the Archangel area of the Northern USSR. According to the Senate Report, "[a]s a result of the fighting against Soviet Bolshevik forces around Archangel in 1918-1919, there were many...eyewitness accounts of hundreds of U.S. and British and French personnel who disappeared." Read More
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ALLIES FIGHTING ON ARCTIC COAST; British and French Troops Aid Russians Against Finnish White Guard Invaders. ATTACK ON RAILROAD FAILS Attempt Being Made to Cut Off Ports of Mourmansk and Archangel from Interior.
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Apr 22, 1918, Monday
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MOSCOW, April 14, (Associated Press.) --British and French troops have been landed at Mourmansk, on the northeast coast of Kola Peninsula, in the Arctic Ocean, to reinforce a British marine detachment sent ashore several weeks ago. [ END OF FIRST PARAGRAPH ]
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ALLIES FIGHTING ON ARCTIC COAST; British and French Troops Aid Russians Against Finnish White Guard Invaders. ATTACK ON RAILROAD FAILS Attempt Being Made to Cut Off Ports of Mourmansk and Archangel from Interior.
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Apr 22, 1918, Monday
Page 1, 752 words
MOSCOW, April 14, (Associated Press.) --British and French troops have been landed at Mourmansk, on the northeast coast of Kola Peninsula, in the Arctic Ocean, to reinforce a British marine detachment sent ashore several weeks ago. [ END OF FIRST PARAGRAPH ]
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The North Russia Campaign (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition or the Allied Intervention in North Russia) was part of the Allied Intervention in Russia after the October Revolution . The intervention brought about the involvement of foreign troops in the Russian Civil War on the side of the losing White movement . The northern campaign lasted from the final months of World War I in 1918 through to 1919. This military presence was used as patriotic publicity by the Bolsheviks in their struggle to win power in the wider Russian Civil War.
Ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Russia_Campaign
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Ref (1) http://tinyurl.com/ys5dqs
Ref (2)
Osprey
US Marine Corps In World War I
1917--1918
Henry/Pavlovic US Marine Corps 1917-1918
"Shipboard Marines were deployed into Russia at Archangel, Murmansk, and Vladivostok... in 1918. These men joined other Allied troops....the last of them left in 1922...."
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This message has been edited by Dick Gaines from IP address 71.1.236.233 on Nov 28, 2007 12:58 PM This message has been edited by Dick Gaines from IP address 71.1.236.233 on Nov 28, 2007 12:53 PM
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