How it began in the U.S.
America's first President George Washington, did not belong to a political party. He believed they did not best serve the people's interests. This made him America's only President who was elected as an independent (not affiliated with a party), though John Tyler was expelled from his party a few months after taking office. Most of America's founding fathers were opposed to political parties, and wanted none of them in the U.S.
America's first political party was the Federalist Party founded by Alexander Hamilton in 1792. The Federalists favored a strong central government ruled by a wealthy educated elite, large cities with powerful industry, a national bank, strong military, treaty with Britain, and fewer rights for states and most citizens. Federalists controlled the government until 1801. George Washington supported many Federalist policies. America's second President, John Adams, was a member of the Federalist Party.[2]
America's second political party was the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1792 in order to oppose the policies of the Federalists. The emergence of the Democratic-Republican Party marked the beginning of the U.S. two-party system. Jefferson was reluctant to create a party because he was opposed to political parties in general because of their power struggles for control of the government, but he felt that founding an opposition party was the best way to protect the rights of citizens from the consolidation of power in the federal government that the Federalists favored. The Democratic-Republican Party opposed the treaty with Britain, favored an agriculture-driven economy, spoke out against the Constitution (largely due to its initial vagueness and ambiguity), denounced the national bank, and promoted citizen's and states' rights. It became the dominant political party in the United States from 1800 until the 1820s, when it split into competing factions, one of which became the modern-day Democratic Party.
Therefore, the two party system in the U.S. occurred to prevent one party from gaining too much power, by creating a second party with opposite policies.
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