Like a cannon

The RWS-54 can be thought of as a high power version of the FWB-300.
Not exactly, but close enough for illustration purposes.

It does recoil, but like a cannon, the recoilling part is on a sledge that slides in rails on the lower receiver which is attached to the stock. It is this sliding mechanism is what allows the upper receiver and barrel to recoil. And by sliding in the rails, transmits little of that recoil to the lower receiver and the stock.

HOWEVER, to make this mechanism work, the stock must be held firmly against the shoulder so it won't move backwards. If it isn't, when the upper receiver recoils, it could move the lower receiver backwards as well, and the entire rifle is in recoil. For those who shoot semi-auto handguns, not holding the stock firmly is similar to limp wristing.