The letters "INRI" are initials for the Latin title that Pontius Pilate had written over the head of Jesus Christ on the cross (John 19:19). Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire.
The words were "Iesus Nazarenvs Rex Ivdaeorvm." Latin uses "I" instead of the English "J", and "V" instead of "U" (i.e., Jesus Nazarenus Rex Judaeorum). The English translation is "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews."
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SENATUS POPULUS QUE ROMANUS,means strictly "the Roman People and Senate" , not "for" nor "by" nor 'to".
The particle QUE is an alternate to ET, both meaning "and". However QUE is attached to the end of the second word, while ET precedes it.
SPQR is the constitutional equivalent of "The United States of America", because in the Roman constitution, the legislative branch was in the "comitia" (from which we get the caucuses)that enacted laws by direct popular referendum, but had jurisdiction only within the territory of the City. The Senate was not elected,coopted its members, and was really the executive branch of the federal government, with jurisdiction on foreign affairs, federal taxation, and defence, acting thru the two Consuls, (President and Vice President), who were elected by popular vote,remained in office only one year, and needed the "Advice and Consent" of the Senate.(confirmation hearings etc.)The Senate appointed all military commanders by special Bills, named IMPERIA, defining tasks and authoriies for each region and task force.
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