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By Daniel Tetteh Osabu-Kle, Ottawa, Canada

http://www.expotimes.net/issue010509/AAlight1.htm

Black Holocaust -

http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/blackholocaust.html

(For, although it is noted here that most of the slaves were destined to places other than the United States, it mostly deals with the United States and the Caribbean to a certain degree - the reason why it is also included there.)

Parakeets and the Africans of the 18th century (and before) - what had they in common?

Answer: being crammed and cramped up in transportation routes (centuries-old Middle Passage of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the case of the Africans) to destinations with heavy casualties.

Read about European barbarism against Africans in their chattel slavery...

"It was not atypical to see a massive school of sharks darting in and out of the wake of the ships
filled with human cargo plying the Atlantic. For miles they followed the battered and moldy vessels,
waiting to attack the disease-ravaged black bodies that were periodically tossed into the ocean...

"If the Atlantic were to dry up, it would reveal a scattered pathway of human bones,
African bones marking the various routes of the Middle Passage...

"Nowhere in the annals of history has a people experienced such a long and traumatic ordeal as Africans during the Atlantic slave trade. Over the nearly four centuries of the slave - which continued until the end of the [American] Civil War - millions of African men, women, and children were savagely torn from their homeland, herded onto ships, and dispersed all over the so-called New World. Although there is no way to compute exactly how many people perished, it has been estimated that between thirty and sixty million Africans were subjected to this horrendous triangular trade system and that only one third - if that - of those people survived..."

http://www.juneteenth.com/middlep.htm

... and man's treason against his brother, no matter what the frames:

"... discuss the role of African leaders in the development of the slave trade and the effect of their participation on our approach to their memorilizaton. Looking at Queen Njinga, who is usually regarded as heroic, and the rulers of Dahomey, who often are not, the discussion will show that rulers are being held to an unusual standard by being expected not to participate in the trade. Moreover, criticism of African rulers that they exploited people, while true, hides the fact that all pre-democratic rulers exploited their people. In Europe and elsewhere historians and memorializers seek heroic qualities in rulers while recognizing that the political economies of the lands they ruled necessarily required them to be exploiters. Historians ought to consider the same optic for African rulers in the period of the slave trade."

http://americanhistory.si.edu/paac/paacmid.htm

(Actually, I gave myself a hell of a time trying to decide which section I was going to include the Middle Passage in - Europe [European traders], Africa [victims and dealers], or North America [as well as South America - destination]? I hope this is fair.)

Saudi Arabia under Shariah law? Or is it just European barbarism in the Belgian Congo?

In the early 1920s the European nation of Belgium came to control a large region of African land in the country now known as Zaire. Then called the Belgian Congo, it was ruled ruthlessly by King Leopold II and plundered for its main resource, rubber. To gain this precious commodity the Belgians worked the native inhabitants into near genocide. Refusal to "work rubber" often met with mutilation, beatings, and death.

Of floggings and burnings of villages, of rape and mutilation, of natives being used for revolver practice, and as human experiments to test the efficacy of dynamite cartridges; of "hostage-houses" in which men, women and children perished... 

E.D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden

http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/colonization.html

Belgium exhumes its colonial demons

http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,754499,00.html

One thing that has struck me is how Turkish denialists of the Armenian Genocide say, "Oh, since their accusations were justified, why did Armenians have to inflate the numbers of their dead?" You will notice that there also exists in the numbers provided between this site and the other site mentioned, juneteenth.com. The only difference is that Africans did not hold statistics, but this doesn't mean that there IS room for yadda-yadda - there are records kept by the slave-traders. In short, possible inaccuracy in statistics is NOT something to hold against the case in hand.

Maybe better to look at this link for current situations than here at all :) 
-->
University of Minnesota - Human Rights Library - Africa Human Rights Links - a comprehensive listing 

http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/links/africalinks.html

http://www.arso.org/scam.htm

http://www.oneworld.org/guides/sahara/history.html

http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/Northern_Africa/0,1113,2-11-38_1103198,00.html

http://www.afrol.com/News2002/wsa007_baker.htm

http://www.sahrawi.it/home.htm

University of Texas: Middle East Network Information Center: Western Sahara

http://inic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Western_Sahara/

MEMORANDUM ON THE QUESTION OF WESTERN SAHARA

http://www.wsahara.net/02/sadrmemo0602.html

http://www.sahrawi.it/dirittiumani.htm (english section when scrolled down)

For those who know nothing about Algeria, a good introduction:

(...) Though some poor Parisiens were resettled in the cities of Algeria, by far the largest contingent of settlers came from the south of France -- particularly from  the regions of Languedoc, Provence, and Savoie -- as well as from Spain, the Italian states, and Malta. This mass settlement naturally provoked the resentment of Algerian natives, and in 1858, a massive Arab rebellion occurred across Algeria. This rebellion abruptly ended a flirtation with the rights of the Algerian natives by the Second Empire. Almost immediately, the Second Empire continued the First Orleanist Kingdom's relentless assault on the Algerians. The warfare continued long after the rebellion had been suppressed, and verged upon genocide. Though French liberals protested the appalling treatment of Algerian natives, the Imperial government had the support of the general French population in its program of colonization. In the decade of the 1860's, the settlement of European colonists in the depopulated rural areas of Algeria was accelerated. By 1870, when the Second Empire collapsed in the Franco-Prussian War, almost two-fifths of the Algerian population was composed of European colonists. 

[...]

http://www.ahtg.net/TpA/hisalger.html

http://www.genocideprevention.org/Algeria.htm

WAAC 
CURRENT EVENTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

http://www.waac.org/amazigh/human_rights/index.html

The Nuba People of Sudan

(...) these are the most innocent and purest people in the world. They are not interested in the oil that foreign companies have discovered at the foot of their mountains, nor in the great profits for which Eastern and Western economic interests are struggling to gain in the war that, in seventeen years, has taken two million victims, while another five million have been driven away from their homes. The encircled and besieged Nubian families in the mountains of Central Sudan have been exposed to genocide, though they are merely looking for peace and the right to be what they want – the NUBAS.

http://www.nuba-people.com/a_nuba.html

All you can ask for on Sudan: 

Africa's Future - Sudan - Genocide

http://www.theinternetfoundation.org/Africa/Sudan/Genocide.htm

Sudan:

http://www.asante.net/articles/sudan.html

Arabism creeping in... Arabs as slavers as the Europeans. (Old article from 1991 - BUT...) 

The Jews of Ethiopia - once kings with their numerous community, now refugees of mere numbers following a succession of persecution, assimilation, exile, starvation, and murder in the hands of Christians and Muslims.

http://www.studentstruggle.org/past.html

http://www.africana.com/Utilities/Content.html?&../cgi-bin/banner.pl?banner=Blackworld&../Articles/tt_176.htm

http://www.ujfmetrowest.org/content_display.html?articleID=7964

Leave None to Tell the Story

Genocide in Rwanda

An index - http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/

The triumph of evil

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/

When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Mahmood Mamdani. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. 357

On April 6, 1994, members of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) shot down the plane of Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana. Later that day, the RPF assassinated the Hutu prime minister of Rwanda, Agathe Uwilingiyimana. In the following four months, the notoriously brutal genocide of the resident Tutsi population and suspected Hutu collaborators enveloped the nation. Though the estimates of the number of those killed in the violence range anywhere from 500,000 to 1.3 million,[1] it is undeniable that the Rwandan genocide of 1994 marks the single most pervasive and atrocious massacre of the post-Cold War era. What is even more disturbing is the fact that as thousands upon thousands of Rwandan Tutsis were systematically exterminated, the rest of the world simply watched on their television sets from the outside, unwilling to aid in the cessation of such an immense tragedy.

(...)

Mamdani, unlike most of his contemporaries, begins his explanation of the evolution of Hutu-Tutsi enmity (which would eventually culminate in the genocide) by examining the origins of the Hutu and Tutsi ethnicities in Rwanda dating back to the thirteenth century. He notes that the Tutsi population (about 15% of present-day Rwanda) migrated into Rwanda from the Kenyan and Tanzanian grasslands of the north and progressively overtook the resident Hutu population (about 85% of present-day Rwanda), transforming local Tutsi-dominated clans into chiefdoms around the fifteenth century.[2] Over time, the divisions between the Hutus and Tutsis grew both socially and economically through the nineteenth century, with the Hutu agriculturalist population gradually becoming more and more subservient to their pastoralist Tutsi superiors. Thus, contrary to popular belief, Mamdani points out that internal social and economic divisions in Rwandan society were indeed present upon the arrival of the Belgian colonialists.[3]

Upon their arrival, Mamdani shows how the Belgians subsequently created the notorious Hamitic hypothesis to justify the minority Tutsi rule over the majority Hutu population. Unable to accept the fact that a distinctly African race could be capable of such military and political sophistication, the Belgians systematically ingrained the idea that the Tutsis were the cursed “Caucasian” descendants of Ham (son of Noah), unlike the distinctly African Hutu. Thus, Mamdani claims, the tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis were magnified as the Belgian colonial rulers institutionalized Tutsi superiority in the colonial system by giving Tutsis preference in the public and educational sectors, primarily between 1927 and 1936.[4]

http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v5/v5i3a16.htm

(Thorny's conclusion: where the European treads, racism sprouts.)

Case in Point: Hutu/Tutsi

Under colonial rule, first by the Germans and then by the Belgians, this hierarchical division was racialized and made more rigid. Ethnic identity cards were required, and the state discriminated in favor of Tutsi, who were considered to be closer to whites in the racial hierarchy. This was reinforced by versions of history portraying the Tutsi as a separate "Hamitic" people migrating into the region from the north and conquering the Bantu- speaking Hutu. In fact, current historical evidence is insufficent to confirm to what extent the distinction arose by migration and conquest or simply by social differentiation in response to internal economic and political developments.

http://www.africaaction.org/bp/ethcen.htm

http://www.fatherryan.org/holocaust/rwanda/index.htm

Hutu in Burundi

http://www.endgenocide.org/genocide/hutu.htm

Nigeria:

http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/05/bakassi0520.htm

South African Apartheid - a Chronology

(excerpts)

(...)

Dec. 8, 1946

(...)

1952

Enactment of pass laws. The laws require blacks to carry passbooks so that the government can regulate their travel through the country.

(...)

Nov. 12, 1963

U.N. General Assembly President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria suspends South Africa from participating in the remainder of assembly sessions for that year. The following day South Africa recalls it U.N. ambassador and freezes its $1 million annual contribution to the organization.

[...]

http://www.facts.com/cd/o94317.htm

Interesting info - IBM mentioned yet again after accusations of conspiring with Holocaust-consummating Nazis in Germany:

Computers and the Apartheid Regime in South Africa

http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/

Did you know...

... that the first time the term "concentration camp" was used was with those of the British imposed on the Boers of South Africa during the Anglo-Boer War(s)?

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_camp

or

http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/society/A0813151.html

http://www.pro.gov.uk/virtualmuseum/millennium/war/horrors/horrors_3.htm

 For this reason, the Afrikaners demand an apology from Britain:

http://www.hnp.org.za/English/Blair/blair3.htm

The first genocide of the 20th century - the Hereros of Namibia in the hands of the Germans, a rehearsal for complicity in the Armenian Genocide of World War I and the consummation of the Holocaust of World War II:

http://www.namibweb.com/hererohol.htm

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob22.html

http://www.ku.edu/~kansite/wwi-l/msg00156.html

http://www.fatherryan.org/holocaust/hereogen/Herero/index.htm

The plight of “white” South Africans and Zimbabweans (make use of the below article for objective purposes only):

http://www.network54.com/Hide/Forum/thread?forumid=84302&messageid=1033223161&lp=1033223161

More

http://www.genocideprevention.org/Zimbabwe.htm

Italians in Ethiopia

Italy's War Crimes in Ethiopia, 1935-1941

Italy's War Crimes by Imani Kali-Nyah comes as an important historical record of Italy's Mussolini and his unimaginable reign of terror in Ethiopia between 1935-1941. Attacking the peaceful Ethiopia unnanounced and entirely unprovoked, Mussolini massacred countless innocent people while discarding Italy's obligations of peace and the rules of the League of Nations. Ethiopians were burned, shot, slayed and poisoned with yperite liquid that was misted over Ethiopian land much like insecticide. "...thousands of Ethiopians, who were engaged in peaceful pursuits, or even sleeping in their beds, were massacred like sheep, for no other offense than that of being Ethiopian. There is no Englishman, I think, who does not blush with shame when he reflects on the events of that year," stated the Dean of Winchester, commenting on Italy's aggression toward Ethiopia.